(1. 江西理工大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，贛州 341000；
2. 江西理工大學(xué) 江西省礦業(yè)工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，贛州 341000；
3. 貴州大學(xué) 土木工程學(xué)院，貴陽(yáng) 550025；
4. 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京） 能源與礦業(yè)學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 礦山實(shí)際用于充填的全尾砂料漿往往低于設(shè)計(jì)濃度，且其中殘留的絮凝劑對(duì)其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)影響甚大，全尾砂料漿的管道輸送特征與之前大相徑庭。為此，本文對(duì)添加和未添加陰離子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)的全尾砂料漿開(kāi)展了粒徑測(cè)試、核磁共振(NMR)測(cè)試和掃描電鏡(SEM)測(cè)試，綜合采用計(jì)算機(jī)圖像處理技術(shù)與分形理論，量化了全尾砂料漿在不同時(shí)間的結(jié)構(gòu)演化特征。結(jié)果表明：1) APAM的添加增強(qiáng)了顆粒間的凝聚作用，更多游離的細(xì)顆粒在絮凝劑高分子長(zhǎng)鏈的作用下參與形成絮團(tuán)，料漿中顆粒的粒徑增大；2) APAM促進(jìn)了活躍的自由水逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉€(wěn)定形態(tài)的吸附水和絮團(tuán)水，絮團(tuán)水比自由水更加穩(wěn)定而不易析出，有利于流體流動(dòng)向?qū)恿靼l(fā)展，料漿穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng)；3) APAM高分子通過(guò)吸附架橋作用使顆粒排列更加緊密，隨著靜置時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，料漿內(nèi)部絮網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷發(fā)育，尤其未添加與添加APAM料漿的結(jié)構(gòu)系數(shù)在0~20 min期間分別從0.947、0.960上升至0.984、0.998；4) APAM增大了料漿的屈服應(yīng)力和塑性黏度，進(jìn)而增大了沿程阻力，對(duì)于消耗部分多余的重力勢(shì)能、減輕管道磨損破壞程度具有積極作用。因此，建議根據(jù)全尾砂料漿在管道內(nèi)的輸送時(shí)間，以添加絮凝劑后料漿屈服應(yīng)力的穩(wěn)定值計(jì)算沿程阻力損失。
關(guān)鍵字: 全尾砂料漿；APAM；絮網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)；結(jié)構(gòu)系數(shù)；管道輸送
（1. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
3. College of Civil Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China;
4. College of Energy and Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:The actual unclassified tailings mortar used for filling in mines is often lower than the design concentration, and the residual flocculant added in the thickening process has a great impact on the change of its internal structure. The pipeline transportation characteristics of unclassified tailings mortar are very different from those before. Therefore, the particle size test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test were carried out for the unclassified tailings mortar with and without anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The structural evolution characteristics of the unclassified tailings mortar at different time were quantified by using computer image processing technology and fractal theory. The results show that: 1) the addition of APAM enhances the coagulation between particles, more free fine particles participate in the formation of flocs with the action of flocculant polymer long chain, and the particle size in the mortar increases; 2) APAM promotes the gradual transformation of active free water into stable adsorbed water and floc water. Floc water is more stable than free water and is not easy to precipitate, which is conducive to the development of fluid flow to laminar flow and the enhancement of mortar stability; 3) APAM polymer makes the particles arranged more closely through adsorption and bridging. With the increase of standing time, the floc network structure in the mortar continues to develop, especially during the period of 0-20 min, the structure coefficients of unapplied and added APAM mortar rise from 0.947 and 0.960 to 0.984 and 0.998 respectively; 4) APAM increases the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the mortar, and then increases the resistance along the way, which plays a positive role in consuming some excess gravity potential energy and reducing the degree of pipeline wear and damage. Therefore, it is suggested to calculate the resistance loss along the way according to the transportation time of the unclassified tailings mortar in the pipeline and the stable value of the yield stress of the mortar after adding flocculant.
Key words: unclassified tailings mortar; APAM; floc net structure; structural coefficient; pipeline transportation
