(華中科技大學(xué) 材料與科學(xué)學(xué)院，材料成形與模具技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，武漢 430074)
摘 要: 高熵合金由于其獨(dú)特的多主元原子組成，具有與一般合金不同的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和優(yōu)異性能，是一種優(yōu)良的結(jié)構(gòu)工程材料。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同于傳統(tǒng)合金材料，隨著溫度的降低，高熵合金普遍保持優(yōu)良的物理和力學(xué)性能，部分性能甚至還得到了提高，這使得高熵合金成為一種潛在的可應(yīng)用于極端低溫環(huán)境中的低溫材料。低溫處理作為熱處理的延伸，在鋼鐵和有色金屬中獲得了廣泛應(yīng)用，近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)低溫處理對高熵合金同樣具有效果。本文綜述了高熵合金低溫條件下的物理和力學(xué)性能變化，揭示了深冷處理及結(jié)合熱處理和加工工藝的低溫處理對高熵合金性能的作用機(jī)制，總結(jié)了高熵合金低溫下獲得優(yōu)異性能的原理，以及低溫處理對高熵合金組織結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，并對高熵合金低溫性能和低溫處理的未來研究方向進(jìn)行展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 高熵合金；低溫；物理性能；力學(xué)性能；低溫處理
（State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China）
Abstract:Because of its multi-principal component atomic composition, high entropy alloys(HEA) have the potential to be used as structural engineering materials. HEAs have different microstructure and excellent properties from traditional alloys. With the decrease of temperature, HEA s generally maintain excellent physical and mechanical properties, some of which have been improved. Thus HEAs can be used as a potential low temperature material in extreme environments such as polar research and space environment. As an extension of heat treatment, low temperature treatment is widely used in steel and nonferrous metal. Recent studies have found that low temperature treatment is also effective for HEAs. This paper summarizes the changes of physical and mechanical properties of HEAs at low temperatures. It reveals the effects of cryogenic treatment and cryogenic treatment combined with heat treatment and processing on the properties of HEAs. The principle of obtaining excellent properties of HEAs at low temperature and the effect of low temperature treatment on the microstructure of HEA s are summarized. The future research direction of low temperature performance and treatment of high entropy alloys are discussed.
Key words: high entropy alloy; low temperature; physical property; mechanical property; low temperature treatment
