(中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 針對(duì)廢舊金剛石刀頭有價(jià)組分高效分離難的問(wèn)題，提出了“兩段浸出-分步結(jié)晶-物理分選”的選冶聯(lián)合清潔處理技術(shù)。本文研究了浸鐵過(guò)程和浸銅過(guò)程各工藝參數(shù)對(duì)有價(jià)金屬浸出行為的影響，同時(shí)進(jìn)行了金剛砂的物理分選試驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果表明：在硫酸濃度130 g/L、液固比12:1、攪拌速度300 r/min、浸出溫度60 ℃和時(shí)間36 h的條件下，廢舊金剛石刀頭中鐵的浸出率為97.6%，且99%以上的銅和100%的金剛砂進(jìn)入渣中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了鐵的選擇性分離。在硫酸濃度250 g/L、硝酸濃度23 g/L、液固比10:1、攪拌速度300 r/min、浸出溫度80 ℃和時(shí)間26 h的條件下，鐵浸渣中銅的浸出率達(dá)到99.9%以上，同時(shí)94%以上的錫和所有的金剛石進(jìn)入尾渣中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了銅的高效浸出。浸銅尾渣經(jīng)搖床分選可以實(shí)現(xiàn)金剛砂的高效回收。工業(yè)化試驗(yàn)不僅驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究結(jié)果的正確性，還表明濕法過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的廢水可以循環(huán)利用，整個(gè)工藝過(guò)程無(wú)廢水排除。
關(guān)鍵字: 廢舊合金；濕法浸出；資源回收；銅回收；金剛石
（School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that it was difficult to separate valuable components from waste alloy cutters efficiently, a cleaning treatment technology of “two-stage leaching, fractional crystallization and physical separation” was proposed. In this paper, the effects of technological parameters on leaching behavior of valuable metals in iron and copper leaching processes were studied, and the physical separation of diamond was also studied. The results show that, under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 130 g/L, liquid-solid ratio of 12:1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, leaching temperature of 60 ℃ and leaching time of 36 h, the leaching efficiency of iron in waste alloy cutters is 97.6%, and more than 99% of copper and 100% of diamond enter into the iron leaching residue, realizing the selective separation of iron. Under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 250 g/L, oxidant HNO3 concentration of 23 g/L, liquid-solid ratio of 10:1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, leaching temperature of 80 ℃ and leaching time of 26 h, the leaching efficiency of copper in iron leaching residue can reach more than 99.9%, while more than 94% of tin and all diamonds enter into the copper leaching residue, realizing the high-efficiency leaching of copper. The high efficiency recovery of diamond can be achieved by shaking table separation of copper leaching tailings. The industrial test not only verifies the correctness of the laboratory research results, but also shows that the wastewater generated in the wet process can be recycled, and no wastewater is discharged in the whole process.
Key words: waste alloy; leaching; resource recovery; copper recovery; diamond
