(1. 昆明理工大學(xué) 真空冶金國家工程實驗室，昆明 650093；
2. 復(fù)雜有色金屬資源清潔利用國家重點實驗室，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 金銀由于優(yōu)異的耐蝕性、良好的導(dǎo)電性而應(yīng)用于許多高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，然而其儲量有限，其原生礦資源已難以滿足日趨增長的需求；鉛銅冶煉過程產(chǎn)出的貴鉛、貴鉍、銀鋅殼、銅浮渣和硒渣等副產(chǎn)物中金銀含量可觀，已成為其主要來源之一。本文綜述了從這些副產(chǎn)物中提取和回收貴金屬的各種技術(shù)，依據(jù)副產(chǎn)品物料中各組元的熔沸點、蒸氣壓、氧化還原性等性質(zhì)的差異，回收技術(shù)由傳統(tǒng)的熔煉法、氧化精煉法、電解法等火、濕法工藝發(fā)展到高回收率、清潔高效的真空氣化分離技術(shù)；本文詳細地討論了這些工藝的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢和對環(huán)境的影響，以及未來可能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)；最后為了實現(xiàn)金銀高效回收、滿足清潔生產(chǎn)的冶金要求，提出了幾點考慮。
關(guān)鍵字: 鉛銅冶煉；副產(chǎn)物；貴金屬；回收；真空氣化分離工藝；環(huán)境影響
（1. National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. The State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:Gold and silver have been extended to many high-tech industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance and good electrical conductivity. However, their primary mineral resources have been unable to meet the increasing demand. The noble lead, precious bismuth, silver-zinc shell, copper scum and selenium slag produced in the lead-copper smelting process contain considerable gold and silver contents, which have become one of their main sources. This article outlined various technologies for extracting and recovering precious metals from these by-products. According to the properties of components, such as melting point, vapor pressure, redox and volatilization characteristics, the recovery technologies were developed from traditional smelting, oxidation refining, electrolysis and other pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to high recovery, clean and efficient vacuum separation technologies. This article discussed the technical advantages and environmental impact of these processes in detail, as well as the challenges that they would face in the future. In order to realize the efficient recovery of precious metals and meet the metallurgical requirements of clean production, several considerations were put forward.
Key words: by-products of lead-copper smelting; traditional techniques; vacuum gasification separation process; technical superiority; environment influence
