(1. 中國船舶重工集團(tuán)公司 第七二五研究所，洛陽 471039；
2. 有研科技集團(tuán)有限公司，北京 100088)
摘 要: 通過有限元分析與鉆孔法殘余應(yīng)力測試相結(jié)合，研究了淬火介質(zhì)參數(shù)、預(yù)拉伸對鋁鋰合金板材淬火殘余應(yīng)力分布與演變的影響。結(jié)果表明：淬火介質(zhì)冷卻速率越慢，板材殘余應(yīng)力越小，淬火介質(zhì)對合金冷卻能力由大到小的順序為10%NaCl＞水＞5%PAG；隨著預(yù)拉伸量的增加，板材表層壓應(yīng)力減小，并逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔瓚?yīng)力。預(yù)拉伸量為2.5%時，殘余應(yīng)力絕對值穩(wěn)定在25 MPa內(nèi)。有限元點追蹤表明，在40 ℃水溫淬火過程中，板材體中心點(A)與上表面中心(B)在三個方向上的殘余應(yīng)力變化規(guī)律相反，最終均呈平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)；而板材寬向線中心(C)與長向線中心(D)演變規(guī)律相似，但分應(yīng)力的方向不同；板材頂點(E)在三個方向上的殘余應(yīng)力均較小。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁鋰合金；淬火；預(yù)拉伸；殘余應(yīng)力；有限元
（1. Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471039, China;
2. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China）
Abstract:Combined with finite element analysis and drilling residual stress test, the effects of quenching medium parameters and pre-stretching on the distribution and evolution of residual stress of Al Li alloy plate were studied. The results show that the slower the cooling rate of quenching medium is, the smaller the residual stress is. The cooling capacity of different quenchants from high to low is 10% NaCl＞water＞5% PAG. With the increase of pre-strenching amount, the compressive stress on the surface of the plate decreases and gradually changes into tensile stress. When the pre-strenching amount is 2.5%, the absolute value of residual stress is stable within 25 MPa. The finite element point tracing shows that during the quenching process at 40 ℃, the variations of residual stresses in the three directions of the center (A) and the center (B) of the upper surface of the plate are opposite, and all of them are in the plane stress state; while the evolutions of the center (C) along ND and the center (D) along RD of the plate are similar, but the direction of the partial stresses are different; the residual stresses of the top (E) in three directions of the plate are all smaller.
Key words: Al-Li alloy; quencing; pre-strenching; residual stress; finite element method
