(1. 中南大學(xué)資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；
2. 澳大利亞紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)土木工程系，澳大利亞紐卡斯?fàn)?NSW 2308；
3. 貴州磷化（集團(tuán)）有限責(zé)任公司，貴陽 550081)
摘 要: 深部硬巖的截割特性受到巖石特性、截割參數(shù)、應(yīng)力環(huán)境等眾多因素影響。利用TRW-3000型巖石真三軸電液伺服誘變(擾動(dòng))試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)研究了受限應(yīng)力條件、截齒加載方式、巖石力學(xué)特性、人為誘導(dǎo)缺陷等對(duì)硬巖截割特性的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：在單軸受限應(yīng)力下，隨受限應(yīng)力增大巖石截割由易變難再變易，高單軸受限應(yīng)力反倒有利于截齒破巖，但當(dāng)單軸受限應(yīng)力過高時(shí)，截齒破巖擾動(dòng)易引發(fā)巖爆；動(dòng)靜組合破巖時(shí)，截齒預(yù)靜載越大破巖能力越強(qiáng)；隨著巖石脆性指數(shù)的增大，巖石可截割性先降低后升高；誘導(dǎo)加卸荷損傷、臨空面切槽、臨空面鉆孔等人為誘導(dǎo)缺陷可提高硬巖的可截割性。同時(shí)，獲得了深部硬巖可截割性改善方法，提出了深部硬巖礦體非爆機(jī)械化開采模式。采礦試驗(yàn)證明，開挖誘導(dǎo)巷道致裂礦體形成松動(dòng)區(qū)后利用掘進(jìn)機(jī)破巖和在礦柱底部開挖預(yù)切槽后利用高頻破碎錘破巖，可將非爆機(jī)械化采礦效率從32.6 t/h分別提高到107.7 t/h和158.2 t/h。
關(guān)鍵字: 硬巖截割；動(dòng)靜組合破巖；人為誘導(dǎo)缺陷；可截割性改善；非爆機(jī)械化開采
（1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South
University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Civil Engineering, The University of
Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia;
3. Guizhou Linhua Group Co., Ltd., Guizhou 550081,
China）
Abstract:Cuttability of hard rock is influenced by many factors, such as rock properties, cutting parameters, and stress conditions. Using TRW-300 true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo system, the influences of confining stress conditions, loading mode of conical pick and rock properties (brittleness and artificially induced defect) on rock breakage were investigated. Under uniaxial confining stress condition, the rock cutting difficulty initially increases and then decreases with increases in uniaxial confining stress, and the high uniaxial confining stress instead improves the rock cuttability. However, the ultra-high uniaxial confining stress may induce rock burst. The high preload applied on pick can achieve the high cutability. Rock cuttability presents decrease followed by increase with increases in rock brittleness. In addition, excavation-induced fractures, pre-slit and pre-borehole in rock mass can improve hard rock cuttability. Moreover, the improvement measures of rock cuttability were achieved, and the non-explosive mechanized mining mode in deep hard rock was proposed. The mining tests prove that the efficiencies of non-explosive mechanized mining improves from 32.6 t /h to 107.7 t/h and 158.2 t/h, respectively, with cuttability improvement measures of the excavation of induced entryway to pre-fracture orebody cut by roadheader and the excavation of pre-slit in pillar broken by high-frequency crushing hammer.
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