(1. 中南大學粉末冶金國家重點實驗室，長沙 410083；
2. 中國航空發(fā)動機集團南方工業(yè)有限公司，株洲 410002；
3. 煙臺大學精準材料高等研究院，煙臺 264005)
摘 要: 為適應航空發(fā)動機越來越高的燃氣工作溫度，鎳基單晶高溫合金的成分在近半個世紀的發(fā)展中持續(xù)優(yōu)化，以不斷提高合金的綜合高溫性能。錸(Re)元素的加入發(fā)揮了關鍵的高溫強化作用，然而Re的高度稀散和高昂價格急劇增加了合金的應用風險和制造成本，不利于合金的應用發(fā)展。本文以鎳基單晶高溫合金微觀組織設計為基礎，首先總結了國內外歷代單晶高溫合金的成分發(fā)展趨勢和設計理念，隨后聚焦近年來合金發(fā)展對降低Re含量的設計需求，總結了目前新型低Re合金的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，最后綜述了單晶高溫合金成分設計方法的發(fā)展，旨在為合金的成分設計提供參考。
關鍵字: 鎳基單晶高溫合金；微觀組織；成分設計；錸
（1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South
University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. South Industry Co., Ltd., Aero Engine
Corporation of China, Zhuzhou 410002, China;
3. Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision
Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China）
Abstract:In the past 50 years, the alloy compositions of nickel-based single crystal superalloys have constantly been optimized to achieve desirable comprehensive properties for the higher operating temperature of aero-engines. The addition of rhenium (Re) plays a pivotal role in promoting high-temperature strength. However, the low abundance and high price of Re dramatically increase the application risk and manufacture cost, which are undesirable to the development of nickel-based single crystal superalloys. Based on the microstructure design of single crystal superalloys, we reviewed the composition evolution and design concepts of different generations of superalloys, and then focused on the design requirement of lowering Re addition in recent years, with the lately-designed low-Re superalloys enumerated in detail. Lastly, we also reviewed the past, current and future of alloy design methods of single crystal superalloys, with the aim to provide a perspective in future work.
Key words: nickel-based single crystal superalloys; microstructure; alloy design; Re
