(1. 武漢工程大學 化工與制藥學院，武漢 430205；
2. 綠色化工過程教育部重點實驗室，武漢 430074；
3. 武漢工程大學 興發(fā)礦業(yè)學院，武漢 430074)
摘 要: 為揭示風化殼淋積型稀土礦浸礦過程中稀土陽離子(RE3+)及雜質(zhì)鋁離子(Al3+)的遷移分布規(guī)律，本文分別用硫酸銨、硫酸銨與甲酸銨混合浸取劑對風化殼淋積型稀土礦進行模擬浸取實驗，測定并計算不同浸取階段、不同礦層中各種狀態(tài)下的RE3+和Al3+含量變化。結果表明：礦土和孔隙中的RE3+和Al3+含量隨著浸取的進行而減少，遷移狀態(tài)的RE3+和Al3+含量隨浸取程度加深而增大，浸取劑對RE3+的浸出效果優(yōu)于對Al3+的浸出效果。礦土中的RE3+和Al3+在浸潤開始時的第四層礦體中含量最多，孔隙中RE3+含量在第四層礦體中100%浸潤時最多，遷移狀態(tài)的RE3+和Al3+含量隨著浸取程度以及礦層深度的加深而增大，其峰值集中在最后階段的第四層礦體中。浸潤階段發(fā)生反吸附，但對后續(xù)浸出過程沒有明顯影響。硫酸銨與甲酸銨混合浸取劑對Al3+的浸出有良好的抑制效果。
關鍵字: 風化殼淋積型稀土礦；浸取程度；稀土離子；鋁離子；時空分布規(guī)律；礦層深度
（1. School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
2. Key of Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China;
3. Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xingfa School of Mining Engineering, Wuhan 430074, China）
Abstract:To reveal the exchange and distribution law of rare earth ions (RE3+) and impurity aluminium ions (Al3+) during the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores, the ammonium sulfate and the mixed leaching agent of ammonium sulfate and ammonium formate were applied in this study to measure and calculate the changes of cation contents in different leaching stages and different ore layers in various states. The results show that the proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the ore and the pores decrease with the leaching progress, and the proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the migration state increase with the degree of leaching. The leaching effect of leaching agent on rare earth ions is better than that on aluminum ions. The proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the ore present the most in the fourth ore layer at the beginning of infiltration, and the proportion of RE3+ content in the pore is the most when the fourth ore layer is 100% infiltrated. The proportions of RE3+and Al3+ contents in the migration state increases with the leaching stage and the ore depth as it deepens, and its peak is occurred in the fourth ore layer in the final leaching stage. The anti-adsorption phenomenon occurs in the infiltration stage and has no obvious influence on the subsequent leaching process. The mixed leaching agent of ammonium sulfate and ammonium formate shows a good inhibitory effect on Al3+ leaching.
Key words: weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores; leaching degree; rare earth ions; aluminum ions; spatial and temporal distribution; ore depth
