(1. 中南大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410000；
2. 中南大學(xué) 電子封裝與先進(jìn)功能材料湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長沙 410083；
3. 中南大學(xué) 輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)材料重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 鋁合金及其復(fù)合材料具有比強(qiáng)度高、高比剛度和耐腐蝕性能優(yōu)異等特點(diǎn)，是一類重要的輕質(zhì)材料。采用激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)制備結(jié)構(gòu)-功能一體化鋁合金及其復(fù)合材料的精密復(fù)雜構(gòu)件，在航空航天、交通運(yùn)輸、電子器件等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文首先闡述激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)的基本原理、主要工藝參數(shù)及其影響規(guī)律；分析激光選區(qū)熔化鋁合金及其復(fù)合材料的微觀組織、宏觀性能和后處理方法等，并概述其主要應(yīng)用情況；最后，闡述激光選區(qū)熔化鋁合金及其復(fù)合材料面臨的主要問題并對(duì)其發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行簡單展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 激光選區(qū)熔化；鋁合金；鋁基復(fù)合材料；致密度；力學(xué)性能
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials, Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Aluminum alloys and composites have the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The selective laser melting technology was applied to the structure-function integrated aluminum alloys and composites with precise and complex structure, which have broad application prospects in aerospace, transportation, electronic devices and so on. This article mainly introduced the research, development and application of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites at home and abroad. Firstly, it explained the basic principles of selective laser melting technology. Secondly, it introduced the main process parameters of selective laser melting, the microstructure of aluminum alloys and composites, performances and post-processing technology, and the key applications of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites. Finally, it described and prospected the main problems faced by selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites.
Key words: selective laser melting; aluminum alloy; aluminum matrix composite; relative density; mechanical property
