(1. 中南大學(xué) 土木工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410075；
2. 南華大學(xué) 數(shù)理學(xué)院，衡陽 421001；
3. 湘潭大學(xué) 土木工程與力學(xué)學(xué)院，湘潭 411105)
摘 要: 深海海域蘊(yùn)藏的豐富礦產(chǎn)資源被認(rèn)為是21世紀(jì)陸地礦最重要的替代資源，加大深海礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)與利用力度，已成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要抉擇，是我國(guó)建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)的重大戰(zhàn)略需求。采礦車在深海稀軟底質(zhì)上的行走性能對(duì)深海礦產(chǎn)資源開采的安全穩(wěn)定性具有重要影響。本文回顧了深海采礦方法及采礦車的發(fā)展歷程，總結(jié)了深海稀軟底質(zhì)基本物理力學(xué)特性特別是流變特性及其本構(gòu)關(guān)系，分析了采礦車行走運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及其牽引力的研究現(xiàn)狀以及存在的主要問題，探討了深海采礦車行走性能及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的未來研究方向，為構(gòu)建環(huán)境友好的深海采礦作業(yè)系統(tǒng)提供理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵字: 深海采礦；采礦車；底質(zhì)流變；本構(gòu)關(guān)系；運(yùn)動(dòng)特性；牽引力；結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
（1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China;
2. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
3. College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China）
Abstract:The rich mineral resources in deep-sea area are the most important alternative resource for land ores in the 21st century. Increasing the exploitation and utilization of the deep-sea mineral resources has become an important choice for the sustainable development of the global economy and a major strategic demand for China to build a marine power. The walking performance of mining vehicle on the deep-sea soft sediment has an important impact on the safety and stability of deep-sea mineral resources mining. In this paper, the development of the deep-sea mining methods and mining vehicles were reviewed and the basic physical and mechanical properties of deep-sea soft sediment, especially its rheological properties and constitutive relationship, were summarized. Besides, the research progress and main problems of the mining-vehicle walking kinetic characteristics and traction force were analyzed, and the future research direction of the walking performance and structural optimization of the deep-sea mining vehicle were proposed. It can provide a theoretical basis for designing an environment-friendly deep-sea mining system.
Key words: deep-sea mining; mining vehicle; soft sediment rheology; constitutive relationship; kinetic characteristics; traction force; structural optimization design
