(1. 自然資源部第一海洋研究所 自然資源部海洋地質(zhì)與成礦作用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，青島 266061；
2. 青島海洋科學(xué)與技術(shù)試點(diǎn)國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室 海洋地質(zhì)過程與環(huán)境功能實(shí)驗(yàn)室，青島 266237；
3. 吉林大學(xué) 材料與工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)春 130012；
4. 浙江大學(xué) 地球科學(xué)學(xué)院， 杭州 310027)
摘 要: 深海稀土是近10年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種富集中-重稀土元素的新型礦產(chǎn)資源，潛力巨大，可能成為最先開發(fā)的深海礦產(chǎn)之一。日本等國以太平洋為重點(diǎn)，開展了深海稀土資源勘查研究及開發(fā)利用探索。我國率先在印度洋、太平洋等國際海域發(fā)現(xiàn)了大面積富稀土沉積區(qū)，并初步劃分了四個(gè)深海稀土成礦帶。目前深海稀土資源勘查主要采用的是沉積物重力(或重力活塞)巖心取樣與淺地層調(diào)查相結(jié)合的技術(shù)方法，但是獲取的巖心長(zhǎng)度大多未穿透富集層底部邊界，淺地層剖面難以精確識(shí)別富集層位，影響了深海稀土資源的勘查與評(píng)價(jià)。今后需要加強(qiáng)深海稀土資源勘查技術(shù)和設(shè)備的研發(fā)，形成集沉積物長(zhǎng)巖心取樣+高精度淺地層探 測(cè)+沉積物元素海底原位測(cè)量于一體的勘查技術(shù)體系，深入研究不同空間尺度的稀土元素分布規(guī)律，為指導(dǎo)快速、準(zhǔn)確尋找深海稀土“高品位、分布連續(xù)、少雜質(zhì)”的優(yōu)質(zhì)富集區(qū)和開展稀土資源評(píng)價(jià)提供技術(shù)支撐，同時(shí)需加大深海稀土開發(fā)利用技術(shù)的研發(fā)力度。
關(guān)鍵字: 深海稀土；分布規(guī)律；資源勘查；開發(fā)利用；技術(shù)研發(fā)；研究開發(fā)
（1. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China;
2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;
3. School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
4. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China）
Abstract:Discovered in the past decade, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in the deep-sea sediments became a new type of marine mineral resource that enriched in the middle and heavy REY. Focusing on the Pacific Ocean, Japan and other counties have conducted deep-sea REY resource survey and research, as well as the development and utilization of the resource. China has successively found large areas of REY-rich sediments in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and preliminarily divided four REY metallogenic belts in the Open Ocean. At present, the deep-sea REY resource detection methods are mainly gravity/piston gravity coring combined with the sub-bottom profiling. However, most of the acquired cores cannot reach the bottom boundary of the REY-rich layers. It is also difficult to precisely determine the REY-rich layer by the sub-bottom profiling, which seriously compromised the exploration and assessment of deep-sea REY resource. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of the deep-sea REY resource exploration technology and equipment, establishing the integrated exploration technology system of long-length coring, high precision sub-bottom profiling and in situ elemental analysis on sediment samples. Meanwhile, we should conduct more research on the governing rules of the REY spatial distributions, and enhance the exploitation and utilization technology for the deep-sea REY resource, in order to provide support for rapid and accurate search of “high grade, continuous distribution, less impurities” deep-sea REY-rich areas, and for the REY resource assessment.
Key words: deep-sea REY resource; regularities of distribution; resource survey; development and utilization; technologies research; research and development
