(1. 昆明理工大學 真空冶金國家工程實驗室，昆明 650093；
2. 昆明理工大學 云南省有色金屬真空冶金重點實驗室，昆明 650093；
3. 昆明理工大學 省部共建復雜有色金屬資源清潔利用國家重點實驗室，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 冶金工業(yè)作為國民經濟發(fā)展的支柱，常見的冶煉技術有火法、濕法、電渣重熔、電子束熔煉和等離子體冶煉。等離子體具有熱性能高、能量集中、化學活性高、冷卻速度快和反應氣氛可控等特點，已廣泛的應用于熔煉、精煉和表面冶金。本文綜述等離子技術在熔煉、精煉和表面冶金等領域的研究進展。其中，等離子體技術在熔煉和精煉中具有產品純度高、功率可調、氣氛可控、轉化率與熱利用率高和環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)勢；等離子體技術在表面冶金中具有涂層微觀組織穩(wěn)定、可獲得傳統(tǒng)工藝難以制備的合金層等特點。針對當下等離子體冶金技術存在設備壽命短、工藝參數難控制、成本高及國內冶金工業(yè)應用較少等問題，提出相應的解決策略和分析。并指出優(yōu)化等離子體設備的設計，提高自動化水平；結合等離子體數值模擬等手段找到最佳工藝參數，在提高生產過程穩(wěn)定性和產物品質的同時降低能耗和維護成本以及開發(fā)更大功率的大型等離子體炬，實現等離子體技術在冶金工業(yè)中的大規(guī)模應用為未來的研究重點。最后，對等離子體冶金技術的發(fā)展方向進行展望。
關鍵字: 等離子體冶金；等離子體熔煉；等離子體精煉；表面冶金
（1. National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:Metallurgical industry as the pillar of national economic development, common smelting technologies include fire, wet, electroslag remelting, electron beam smelting, and plasma smelting. Due to its merits of high thermal performance, concentrated energy, high chemical activity, fast cooling rate, and controllable reaction atmosphere, plasma has been widely used in smelting, refining, and surface metallurgy to date. This paper reviews the research progress of plasma metallurgical technology in the field of smelting, refining and surface metallurgy. There into, the plasma technology used in smelting and refining has the advantages of high purity of product, adjustable power, controllable atmosphere, high conversion rate and heat utilization rate, and environmental- friendly production process. The coatings prepared by plasma surface metallurgy have stable microstructure, excellent properties, obtaining alloy layers, which are difficult to be prepared in traditional process. In the review, the problems of this technology were illustrated, such as short equipment life, difficult control of the process parameters, higher cost, less domestic metallurgical industry applications, and the corresponding solutions have been proposed. Therefore, the next research should focus on the following: optimizing the design of plasma equipment, improving the level of automation; combining with plasma numerical simulation to find the best technological parameters boost the stability of the synthesis process and product quality, thus reducing energy consumption and production costs; it is necessary to develop the large plasma torch with higher power to realize the large-scale application of plasma technology in metallurgical industry. Eventually, the developing guidelines of plasma metallurgy method were looked forward.
Key words: plasma metallurgy; plasma smelting; plasma refining; surface metallurgy
