(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 冶金行業(yè)是我國重要的經(jīng)濟支撐行業(yè)，也是主要的碳排放行業(yè)。氫冶金是當前冶金領(lǐng)域低碳發(fā)展的重要方向，已受到國內(nèi)外廣泛關(guān)注。本文對氫冶金技術(shù)在鋼鐵冶金、有色金屬冶金以及二次資源利用領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)理論研究、工藝應(yīng)用研究進展進行了系統(tǒng)綜述。作為氣體還原劑，在溫度大于810 ℃的條件下，氫氣還原能力強于一氧化碳，且氫氣的還原反應(yīng)速率比碳還原劑高1到2個數(shù)量級。基于氫冶金的直接還原煉鐵技術(shù)已處于技術(shù)成熟、穩(wěn)步發(fā)展階段，其應(yīng)用包括典型的Midrex、HYL-Ⅲ工藝、歐洲的ULCOS、瑞典的HYBRT、日本的COURSE50項目以及我國的中晉礦業(yè)等。氫冶金在有色金屬冶金以及二次資源利用領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展處于基礎(chǔ)研究階段，有待進一步技術(shù)突破。氫氣大規(guī)模、低成本制備以及氫冶金過程的熱量平衡是發(fā)展氫冶金技術(shù)亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問題。
關(guān)鍵字: 氫冶金；鋼鐵冶金；有色金屬冶金；二次資源利用；熱力學(xué)；動力學(xué)
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The metallurgy industry is a strong support for economic and a major carbon emission industry in China. Hydrogen metallurgy is regarded as a vibrant research branch in developing efficient metallurgical technologies with low-carbon emission at present. Therefore, hydrogen metallurgical technology has been concerned worldwide. In the present paper, the recent developments of theory researches and applications of hydrogen metallurgical technology in the fields of extractive metallurgy of ferrous metals and nonferrous metals, and secondary resources utilization are systematically reviewed. As a gaseous reducing agent, H2 possesses a stronger reduction capacity than CO at the temperature higher than 810 ℃. And the reduction reaction rate of H2 is higher than that of carbon reducing agent with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The direct reduction iron making technology based on hydrogen metallurgy is in the stage of steady development, its application includes the typical processes Midrex and HYL-Ⅲ, and some other new projects, such as Europe’s ULCOS, Sweden''''s HYBRT, Japan’s COURSE50, and China''''s Zhongjin Mining. While the researches of hydrogen metallurgy in the fields of extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals and secondary resource utilization are in theoretical study stage, and further technical breakthrough is in needed. The production of hydrogen with large scale and low cost and the thermal balance in hydrogen metallurgy process are the key problems to be solved in the future.
Key words: hydrogen metallurgy; extractive metallurgy of ferrous metals; extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals; secondary resource utilization; thermodynamics; kinetics
