(1. 江西理工大學 建筑與測繪工程學院，贛州 341000；
2. 湖北中煙工業(yè)有限責任公司武漢卷煙廠，武漢 430040；
3 北京科技大學 土木與資源工程學院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 針對離子型稀土尾礦中的氨氮殘留污染問題，研究淋洗除銨對尾礦的影響，比較氯化鈣、氯化鎂和鈣鎂混合液分別在0.01、0.015和0.02 mol/L下的除銨效率，然后利用塔板理論分析除銨效率，優(yōu)選除銨方案。結果表明：在不同濃度條件下，3種淋洗劑淋洗尾礦的除銨效率分別為62.49%~73.95%、58.64%~65.9%和53.22%~58.92%，除銨效率與淋洗劑中陽離子交換能力和濃度均呈正相關。基于塔板理論計算，3種淋洗劑下的理論塔板高度分別為10.00~11.10 mm、18.15~20.81 mm和12.72~18.77 mm，單塊塔板的除銨效率分別為1.35%~1.23%、1.05%~0.88%、和1.10%~0.95%。理論塔板高度越小，單塊塔板的平均除銨效率越高，尾礦整體氨氮去除效果就越好。考慮對礦山環(huán)境保護的要求，選用0.015 mol/L的氯化鈣作為淋洗劑。
關鍵字: 離子型稀土尾礦；土壤殘留氨氮；淋洗劑；原位淋洗；塔板理論
（1. School of Architectural and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. Wuhan Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China;
3. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of ammonia nitrogen residual pollution in ion type rare earth tailings, the effects of flushing ammonium removal experiments on tailings were studied, and the ammonium removal efficiencies of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium magnesium mixture were compared at 0.01, 0.015 and 0.02 mol/L, respectively, then using the plate theory, the ammonium removal efficiencies were analyzed, and the ammonium removal scheme were optimized. The conclusions are as follows: firstly, the removal efficiency of three kinds of eluents are 62.49%-73.95%, 58.64%-65.9% and 53.22%-58.92% under three concentration conditions, respectively. The removal efficiency is positively related to cation exchange capacity and eluent concentration. Secondly, based on the plate theory, the theoretical plate heights under three kinds of eluents are 10-11.1 mm, 18.15-20.81 mm and 12.72-18.77 mm, respectively, and the efficiencies of ammonium removal of single plate are 1.35%-1.23%, 1.05%-0.88% and 1.10%-0.95%, respectively. The smaller the theoretical tray height is, the higher the average efficiency of ammonium removal of single plate is, and the better the overall ammonia nitrogen removal effect of tailings is. Considering the requirements for mine environmental protection, 0.015 mol/L calcium chloride eluent was selected as the suitable eluent.
Key words: ionic rare earth tailings; soil ammonia nitrogen residue; eluent; in-situ flushing; plate theory
