(1. 西安建筑科技大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，西安 710005；
2. 西安建筑科技大學(xué) 資源工程學(xué)院，西安 710005；
3. 西安建筑科技大學(xué) 礦山系統(tǒng)工程研究所，西安 710005；
4. 中鋼集團礦業(yè)開發(fā)有限公司，北京 100080)
摘 要: 為探究尾礦粒徑對尾礦壩毛細水上升的影響機制，利用自主研發(fā)的在線監(jiān)測毛細水上升試驗系統(tǒng)(簡稱OM-CRT系統(tǒng))，針對尾細砂、尾粉砂和尾粉土尾礦，分別開展不同粒徑尾礦的毛細水上升全過程試驗，得到了尾礦毛細水上升高度、上升速度與時間的關(guān)系曲線及擬合方程，并分析毛細帶不同斷面含水率隨時間的變化規(guī)律和影響因素。結(jié)果表明：尾礦毛細水上升濕潤鋒與時間呈對數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系，試驗初期毛細水上升速度較快，隨著試驗時間的延長，毛細水上升速度逐漸減小并最終降為0，且毛細水上升高度及速度與尾礦粒徑呈負相關(guān)；不同斷面的瞬時含水率變化與時間的關(guān)系類似于水土特征曲線呈“S”形，3個柱體中含水率變化均隨高度增長而減小；尾粉土試樣底端毛細帶的含水率為23.77%，形成了300 mm的穩(wěn)定飽和毛細帶。通過建立毛細管徑與尾礦粒徑的關(guān)系，進一步推導(dǎo)出粒徑與毛細水上升高度的關(guān)系。毛細水上升試驗很好地驗證了尾礦中吸力以及毛細作用的存在，進一步驗證了界面作用的原理。研究結(jié)果可為建立考慮毛細作用影響下的壩體穩(wěn)定性分析方法和理論奠定基礎(chǔ)，同時可為邊坡等工程的穩(wěn)定性研究工作提供一種新思路。
關(guān)鍵字: 尾礦；粒徑效應(yīng)；毛細特性；毛細水上升高度；瞬時含水量；飽和毛細帶
（1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
2. School of Resource Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
3. Institute of Mining System Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
4. Sinosteel Mining Co., Ltd., Beijing 100080, China）
Abstract:Using a self-developed system for online monitoring capillary rise test (OM-CRT) to explore the effect characteristics of tailings particle size on capillary water rise of tailings dam, the whole process of capillary water rise was tested according to the tail fine sand, the tail silty sand and the tail silty soil of different particle sizes, the relation curves and fitting equations of the rise height, rise speed and time of capillary water in tailings are obtained, and the variation rule and influencing factors of water content in capillary zone in different profiles with time were analyzed. The results show that the wetting front and time is logarithmic relationship when the tailings capillary water rises. The capillary water rises quickly in early trial, but with the test time increasing, the capillary water rises slowly and stops rising eventually. Therefore, the height and velocity of capillary water rise are negatively correlated with the tailings particle size. The relation between the instantaneous water content change and time in different profiles is similar to the characteristic curve of water and soil, showing the shape of ‘S’. The moisture content in three cylinders decreases with the height increasing. The moisture content in the capillary zone of the bottom of the tail silty soil sample is 23.77%, which forms a stable saturated capillary band of 300 mm. Through the relation between capillary diameter and tailings particle size is established, and the relation between particle size and capillary water rising height is further deduced. The capillary water rising test proves the existence of suction and capillary action in tailings and further verifies the principle of interface action. The research results can lay a foundation for the dam stability analysis method and theory under the influence of capillarity, and provide a new approach for the stability study of slope engineering.
Key words: tailings; particle size effect; capillary characteristics; capillary water rising height; instantaneous water content; saturation capillary zone
