(1. 西北礦冶研究院 甘肅省有色金屬冶煉新工藝及伴生稀散金屬高效綜合利用重點實驗室，白銀 730900；
2. 白銀有色集團股份有限公司，白銀 730900)
摘 要: Cu2+擴散性能和雜質離子含量是影響陰極銅質量的關鍵指標，通過在循環(huán)管道施加水平取向磁場調控Cu2+擴散性能及強化銅電解自凈化過程改善陰極銅質量。從磁分離與磁場影響水分子氫鍵締合程度和離子水合作用的角度出發(fā)，開展水平取向磁場磁化銅電解液的實驗，利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法、黏度計、毛細管、電鏡掃描分別研究磁場梯度力對電解液銅酸濃度、雜質離子濃度、黏度、表面張力以及陰極銅表觀質量的影響，分析水平取向磁場強化銅電解工藝的機理。結果表明：磁場梯度力一方面可放大銅電解液中的抗磁性離子和水分子的磁能，降低水分子間的氫鍵締合程度和電解體系的活化能，加快銅電解反應速率，促進砷銻鉍離子形成SbAsO4、BiAsO4以及AsSbO4的沉淀。增大溶解氧量和CaSO4的溶解度，促使鎳鐵鋅離子表面形成氧化性保護膜，以提高電解液的清晰度和陰極銅的產量。同時，磁場梯度力可降低電解液的表面張力，導致電解液氣泡增多而引發(fā)陰極銅表面生成氣孔；另一方面，磁場梯度力可縮小順磁性離子的磁能，增強離子水合作用，調控陽極溶解和陰極銅析出速度，降低銅損失量，改善陰極銅表觀質量。綜上可知，水平取向磁場作用于銅電解過程存在最佳磁感應強度。
關鍵字: 金屬材料；銅電解；磁場梯度力；能量；自凈化
（1. Key Laboratory of New Process for Non-ferrous Metal Smelting and Rare Metal High Utilization Efficiency in Gansu Province, Northwest Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Baiyin 730900, China;
2. Baiyin Nonferrous Group Co., Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China）
Abstract:The diffusion property of Cu2+ and the concentration of impurity ions are the key factors affecting the quality of cathode copper. The horizontal oriented magnetic field is installed on the circulating water pipeline in this paper to improve the quality of cathode copper by regulating the diffusion property of Cu2+ and strengthen the self purification process of copper electrolysis. From the perspective of magnetic separation and the influence of magnetic field on water clusters and ion hydration, the experiment of magnetizing copper electrolyte with horizontal orientation magnetic field was carried out. The effects of magnetic field gradient force on the concentration of cupric acid, impurity ion, viscosity, surface tension and the apparent quality of cathode copper were studied by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, viscometer, capillary tube and scanning electron microscope, and the mechanism of strengthening copper electrolysis process by horizontal orientation magnetic field was analyzed. The results show that the magnetic field gradient force can enlarge the magnetic energy of diamagnetic ions and water molecules in copper electrolyte, reduce the degree of hydrogen bond association of water molecules and the activation energy of electrolysis system, accelerate the reaction of copper electrolysis and the precipitation of SbAsO4, BiAsO4 and AsSbO4, increase the solubility of dissolved oxygen and CaSO4, so it can promote the formation of oxide protective film on the surface of Ni, Fe and Zn, improve the clarity of electrolyte and increase cathode production. On the other hand, the magnetic field gradient force can reduce the magnetic energy of paramagnetic ions, regulate the dissolution of anode and the precipitation of cathode copper, reduce copper loss and improve the apparent quality of cathode copper. At the same time, the magnetic field gradient force can reduce the surface tension of the electrolyte. As a result, the number of bubbles in the electrolyte increases and the pores form on the surface of copper cathode. To sum up, there is an optimum magnetic field intensity when the horizontal orientation magnetic field acts on the copper electrolysis process.
Key words: metal materials; copper electrolysis; magnetic field gradient force; energy, self purification
