(1. 昆明理工大學(xué) 真空冶金國(guó)家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室，昆明 650093；
2. 昆明理工大學(xué) 云南省有色金屬真空冶金重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，昆明 650093；
3. 昆明理工大學(xué) 復(fù)雜有色金屬資源清潔利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，昆明 650093；
4. 昆明理工大學(xué) 冶金與能源工程學(xué)院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 采用正規(guī)溶液模型、亞正規(guī)溶液模型以及簡(jiǎn)化的分子相互作用體積模型(Simplified molecular interaction volume model, SMIVM)預(yù)測(cè)Pb-Sn、Sb-Sn、Bi-Sn合金組元的活度，并計(jì)算模型的預(yù)測(cè)偏差。結(jié)果表明：SMIVM的平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差最小，分別為0.0050和0.0046，表明采用SMIVM預(yù)測(cè)錫基合金組元的活度是可靠的。在此基礎(chǔ)上，采用SMIVM，結(jié)合真空冶金及氣液平衡理論，建立二元合金體系的氣-液平衡(Vapor-liquid equilibrium, VLE)預(yù)測(cè)模型。采用該模型計(jì)算上述錫基合金的VLE數(shù)據(jù)，并繪制VLE相圖(包括T-x(y)和p-x(y)相圖)，最后采用VLE實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)檢驗(yàn)其可靠性。結(jié)果表明：采用該方法預(yù)測(cè)錫基合金體系的氣-液相平衡具有較高的可靠性。依據(jù)氣-液平衡相圖，分析真空蒸餾分離錫基合金的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件以及不同蒸餾條件下的產(chǎn)物成分，可為真空蒸餾設(shè)備的改進(jìn)及蒸餾過(guò)程優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵字: 真空蒸餾；錫基合金；活度；氣-液相平衡；熱力學(xué)模型
（1. National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization in Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
4. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:The activities of components of Pb-Sn, Sb-Sn, Bi-Sn alloys were predicted using the regular solution model(RSM), the sub-regular solution model (SRSM) and the simplified molecular interaction volume model (SMIVM). The average standard deviation of the MIVM is the smallest, which is 0.0050 and 0.0046, respectively, indicating that the simplified MIVM is reliable for the prediction of the activities of components of Sn-based alloys. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) prediction model for binary alloy systems is developed by using the MIVM combined with vacuum metallurgy and VLE theory. The VLE data of the above Sn-based alloys was calculated, and the VLE phase diagrams (including T-x(y) and p-x(y) phase diagram) were drawn by using the calculated VLE data. A comparison between the calculated VLE data and experimental data was also carried out for validation purpose, which indicates that the method is reliable for prediction of VLE of Sn-based alloy systems. The experimental conditions for separating Sn-based alloys by vacuum distillation and the composition of product under different distillation conditions were analyzed based on the VLE phase diagrams, which can provide theoretical basis for the improvement of vacuum distillation equipment and the optimization of distillation process.
Key words: vacuum distillation; tin-based alloy; activity; VLE; thermodynamic model
