(1. 中國科學(xué)院 過程工程研究所，北京 100190；
2. 中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)，北京 100049；
3. 中國恩菲工程技術(shù)有限公司，北京 100038)
摘 要: 對釩渣在KOH亞熔鹽體系中的分解動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行研究，考察反應(yīng)溫度、堿礦質(zhì)量比、粒度、氣流量等工藝參數(shù)對釩渣分解過程的影響，獲得最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)，并對反應(yīng)機(jī)理進(jìn)行探討。結(jié)果表明，反應(yīng)溫度是最重要的影響因素；釩渣最優(yōu)浸出條件如下：在反應(yīng)溫度為180 ℃，堿礦比4:1，KOH堿濃度75%，攪拌速率700 r/min，反應(yīng)時(shí)間300 min，常壓通氧氣流量為1 L/min的反應(yīng)條件下，最終釩、鉻的浸出率分別達(dá)到95%和90%以上。釩渣在KOH亞熔鹽介質(zhì)中氧化分解遵循縮核模型，并主要受內(nèi)擴(kuò)散控制，釩和鉻分解的表觀活化能分別為40.54和50.27 kJ/mol，釩鉻尖晶石的氧化以鐵橄欖石、石英相的氧化分解為前提。
關(guān)鍵字: 釩渣；氫氧化鉀；亞熔鹽；內(nèi)擴(kuò)散
（1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. China Enfi Engineering Corpor）
Abstract:The dissolution behavior of vanadium slag was studied by decomposing the slag in KOH sub-molten salt. The effects of reaction temperature, KOH-to-ore mass ratio, particle size and gas flow were examined for obtaining the optimum process parameters. And the dissolution process mechanism was also investigated. The results show that reaction temperature is the most significant factor on vanadium and chromium extraction efficiency. Under the conditions of temperature of 180 ℃, initial KOH-to-ore mass ratio of 4:1, KOH solution content of 75% (mass fraction), stirring speed of 700 r/min, and gas flow of 1 L/min, vanadium and chromium extraction rates obtained are greater than 95% and 90% after 300 min, respectively. The results show that decomposing process of vanadium slag in KOH sub-molten salt is well interpreted with the shrinking core model under internal diffusions control. The apparent activation energies of vanadium and chromium are 40.54 and 50.27 kJ/mol, respectively. Vanadium and chromium spinels are oxidized after the decomposition of fayalite and quartz phases.
Key words: vanadium slag; potassium hydroxide; sub-molten salt; internal diffusions
