(上海交通大學(xué) 上海市數(shù)字化汽車車身工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，上海 200240)
摘 要: 為了研究鋁合金7075-T651的流變應(yīng)力變化特征，在高溫分離式霍普金森壓桿裝置上對圓柱試樣進(jìn)行了溫度范圍25~400 ℃及應(yīng)變率范圍600~12 000 s-1的動態(tài)壓縮試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明：鋁合金7075-T651的流變應(yīng)力對應(yīng)變率不敏感，對溫度有較強(qiáng)的敏感性。總體上，流變應(yīng)力隨溫度的升高而減小，但在350~400 ℃時(shí)流變應(yīng)力差別很小。在高應(yīng)變速率時(shí)，當(dāng)應(yīng)變超過一定水平時(shí)，應(yīng)力出現(xiàn)急劇減小，材料發(fā)生失效。通過變形后試樣的微觀組織觀察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，應(yīng)變速率較高時(shí)出現(xiàn)絕熱剪切帶是材料流變應(yīng)力急劇減小的主要原因。在實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上，建立了一個(gè)基于物理概念的鋁合金7075-T651本構(gòu)模型預(yù)測其流變應(yīng)力，與實(shí)驗(yàn)對比表明，所建立的本構(gòu)模型在較寬的溫度和應(yīng)變速率范圍內(nèi)能夠很好地預(yù)測鋁合金7075-T651的流變應(yīng)力。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁合金；動態(tài)壓縮試驗(yàn)；流變應(yīng)力；微觀組織；本構(gòu)模型
（Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Auto-body Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China）
Abstract:To understand the flow stress characteristics of aluminum 7075-T651, dynamic compression tests during the temperature range of 25-400 ℃ and strain rate range of 600-12 000 s-1 were performed on cylindrical samples using SHPB technique. The results show that the flow stress of aluminum 7075-T651 is strongly sensitive to temperature compared with strain rate, the flow stress reduces with the increase of temperature. There is a temperature range between 350-400 ℃ where the flow stress doesn’t depend on temperature, showing little difference. At high strain rate when the strain exceeds one certain level, the flow stress decreases sharply and the sample fails. Through the observation of cross-section microstructure of deformed sample, the shear band is responsible for the rapid reduction of flow stress. Finally based on experimental data, a physically based constitutive model is given to depict the flow stress of the aluminum. The model predictions are compared with the results of experiments. Good agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental results is obtained. The given constitutive model can predict the flow stress of aluminum 7075-T651 in a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
Key words: aluminum; dynamic compression test; flow stress; microstructure; constitutive model
