(西北工業(yè)大學 應用物理系，西安 710072)
摘 要: 金屬凝固作為冶金鑄造技術(shù)的一個重要工藝過程，經(jīng)歷了從古老技藝向現(xiàn)代科學的漫長演化，于20世紀后半葉發(fā)展成為材料科學中一個相對完整的學科領域。隨著各種相關高新技術(shù)的不斷涌現(xiàn)，特別是信息化時代的到來，凝固科學技術(shù)正在迅速轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展。本文系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了最近20年來國內(nèi)外在液態(tài)合金的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與物化性質(zhì)、晶體形核與過程調(diào)控、凝固組織形成機理、超常凝固動力學以及新型材料凝固制備成形等五方面研究的主要進展，并分析展望了這一學科領域的未來發(fā)展趨勢。
關鍵字: 液態(tài)合金；晶體形核；定向凝固；快速凝固；超常凝固；組織演變
（Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:The alloy solidification process has experienced a long evolution history to transform from a kind of ancient metallurgical technology into a branch of modern science. It developed into a relatively consistent academic field of materials science in the second half of last century. With the advent of diverse high technologies and especially the coming of new information era, the solidification science and technology meet with another age for rapidly reformed development. The objective of this work is to summarize the major achievements of solidification research in the first two decades of the present century and provide a concise perspective for its future advances. The following five aspects are addressed in various details: the microstructures and properties of liquid alloys, the crystal nucleation and process modulation, the evolution kinetics of solidification structures, the process mechanisms of extraordinary solidification, and the solidification forming of new materials.
Key words: liquid alloy; crystal nucleation; directional solidification; rapid solidification; extraordinary solidification; microstructure evolution
