(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 深部金屬礦產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)與災(zāi)害控制湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 以國(guó)內(nèi)外硬巖礦山特別是有色金屬礦山開(kāi)采現(xiàn)狀及研究成果為基礎(chǔ)，綜述了硬巖礦山開(kāi)采方法與技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程和主要進(jìn)展。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和對(duì)安全環(huán)保要求的提高，硬巖礦山地應(yīng)力探測(cè)與地壓監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)更加精準(zhǔn)可靠，傳統(tǒng)的空?qǐng)龇ā⒈缆浞ㄟ^(guò)渡到充填法，隱患破碎礦段實(shí)現(xiàn)安全高效開(kāi)采，大型水(海)下金屬礦床實(shí)現(xiàn)安全高效低貧損開(kāi)采，智能化礦山構(gòu)建已初見(jiàn)成效，深部硬巖開(kāi)采理論與技術(shù)正日趨成熟；同時(shí)，以硬巖礦山技術(shù)變革為導(dǎo)向，以解決深部固體資源開(kāi)發(fā)的瓶頸難題為目標(biāo)，系統(tǒng)闡述了變害為利的深部開(kāi)采方法構(gòu)思和不同深度的深地資源特別是有色貴重礦物資源的不同開(kāi)采模式與開(kāi)采技術(shù)構(gòu)想，并就深部開(kāi)采理論難題與技術(shù)瓶頸及突破方向進(jìn)行了探討，以期為資源開(kāi)采將向地球深部進(jìn)軍提供理論和技術(shù)參考。
關(guān)鍵字: 硬巖礦山；有色金屬礦山；深部采礦方法；采礦技術(shù)；非爆連續(xù)開(kāi)采；變害為利
（1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Exploitation and Hazard Control for Deep Metal Mines, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Based on the present situation and research results of hard rock mines at home and abroad, especially non-ferrous metal mines, the development history and main progress of mining methods and technologies were summarized in recent years. With the advancement of technology and the improvement of safety environmental protection requirements, it’s observed that in-situ stress detection and pressure monitoring technology are more accurate and reliable, and the traditional open stope method and block caving method are transited to backfilling method, a new safe and efficient mining method is realized in fractured mining section with hidden hazards, and a safe, efficient and low-dilution mining method has been achieved in large-scale metal deposits underwater. Moreover, the construction of intelligent mines has achieved initial results, and the theory and technology of deep hard rock mining are steadily advancing. At the same time, guided by the technological revolution of hard rock mines and with an aim to solve the bottleneck difficulties of deep solid resource mining, the conception of deep mining method of “Convert harm into benefit” was presented systematically, and the scientific and technological conception of different mining modes for deep resources with different depths, especially for non-ferrous precious mineral resources, as well as some key points of theoretical difficulties, technical bottlenecks and breakthrough directions in deep mining were also addressed, which will provide theoretical and technical reference for resource mining to march deep into the earth.
Key words: hard rock mine; non-ferrous metal mine; deep mining method; mining technology; non-explosive continuous mining; converting harm into benefit
