(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 以電子加工行業(yè)產(chǎn)出的廢銅包鐵針為陽極，以不銹鋼板為陰極，采用單因素試驗法優(yōu)化NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2N(CH2)2NH2體系隔膜電解回收銅工藝。結(jié)果表明：在陰極液組成為NH3·H2O 4.5 mol/L、(NH4)2SO4 1 mol/L、Cu(Ⅱ) 30 g/L、乙二胺0.4 mol/L以及陰極電流密度為350 A/m2的條件下隔膜電解12 h后，在陰極可以得到表面光滑平整的陰極銅板，陰極銅純度99.95%。由于部分陽極銅以+1價溶解于電解液中，使得實際隔膜電解回收廢銅包鐵針時陰極電流效率達到106%(以+2價銅電化當(dāng)量計算)，而陽極電流效率則為126%，脫銅后得到的鐵針品位為99.3%。
關(guān)鍵字: 氨性體系；廢雜銅處理；隔膜電解；電流效率；溶液循環(huán)
（School of Metallurgy and Environmental, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Using scrap copper coated iron needle as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode，the membrane electrolytic recovery of copper from scrap copper coated iron needle viaNH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2N(CH2)2NH2 system was optimized by single factor test. The experimental results show that, when the catholyte composition is NH3·H2O 4.5 mol/L，(NH4)2SO4 1mol/L, Cu (Ⅱ) 30 g/L, ethylenediamine 0.4 mol/L, and the cathode current density is 350 A/m2, a smooth cathode copper plate can be obtained at the cathode for 12 h electrowinning, and the grade of resultant cathode copper is 99.95%. The cathode current efficiency is 106% (calculated at +2 valence copper electrification equivalent), while the anode current efficiency is 126%, because some anode copper dissolves in the electrolyte at +1 valence. The grade of iron needle obtained after copper removal is 99.3%.
Key words: ammoniacal system; copper scraps treatment; membrane electrowinning; current efficiency; effluent recycle
