(中南大學 冶金與環(huán)境學院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 廢鉛酸蓄電池是最重要的再生鉛資源，通常先拆解再分別回收利用,由于廢鉛膏中存在大量硫酸鉛，使其成為廢鉛酸蓄電池資源化利用的瓶頸。廢鉛膏處理傳統(tǒng)火法工藝和濕法工藝均是以陰極鉛為目標產(chǎn)物，其中火法工藝獲得了廣泛應(yīng)用，近些年材料冶金思路則是繞開廢鉛膏制備陰極鉛的過程，用廢鉛膏直接制備鉛酸蓄電池用的鉛粉。借鑒鋁冶煉工業(yè)由鋁土礦到氧化鋁再到金屬鋁的工藝思路，本文提出一種基于水熱還原轉(zhuǎn)化的廢鉛膏低溫還原清潔煉鉛工藝：首先，廢鉛膏通過硫酸浸煮脫除雜質(zhì)；其次，浸煮渣在堿和還原劑同時存在下水熱處理，使硫酸鉛和二氧化鉛均轉(zhuǎn)化為氧化鉛；最后，低溫熔鹽中用淀粉還原氧化鉛產(chǎn)出金屬鉛。該工藝為廢鉛膏處理的工藝改革提供一種新的思路。
關(guān)鍵字: 鉛冶金；鉛酸蓄電池；廢鉛膏；水熱轉(zhuǎn)化；低溫熔煉
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Waste lead acid battery is the most important renewable lead resource, which is usually dismantled and then recovered separately. Waste lead paste contains lots of lead sulfate, which is a bottleneck for the effective utilization of waste lead acid battery. The conventional pyrometallurgical process and hydrometallurgical process all regard cathode lead as the product, and the former has been widely used. In recent years, material metallurgy aims to directly prepare lead powder for lead acid battery using waste lead paste, which has also been widely studied. Drawing lessons from the idea of aluminum extraction process from bauxite to alumina and aluminum in sequence, a clean lead smelting in low temperature of waste lead paste after hydrothermal reduction conversion was proposed. First, impurities are removed from waste lead paste by leaching in sulphuric acid solution. Then, during the hydrothermal reduction concerting, lead sulfate will be converted into lead oxide with the addition of alkali as conversion agent. At the same time, lead dioxide will be reduced to lead oxide with adding reductant. Final, lead oxide can be reduced to metallic lead at low temperature in molten salt using starch as the reductant. The technology will provide a new idea for the recycle of waste lead paste.
Key words: lead metallurgy; lead acid battery; waste lead paste; hydrothermal conversion; low temperature smelting
