(包頭師范學(xué)院 化學(xué)學(xué)院，包頭 014030)
摘 要: 基于物理化學(xué)基本理論分析金屬鑭還原銩-鐿-镥富集物制備金屬鐿、銩的可行性，在此基礎(chǔ)上，以銩-鐿-镥富集物為原料，金屬鑭為還原劑，采用選擇性還原方法，研究由銩-鐿-镥富集物制備金屬鐿、銩時(shí)反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)還原率和收率的影響，并對(duì)稀土分離效果和非稀土雜質(zhì)的去除能力進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：還原率與收率隨溫度升高而增加，在銩-鐿-镥富集物與金屬鑭摩爾比為1:2.5、系統(tǒng)壓力為0.1 Pa條件下，當(dāng)溫度為1600 K、保溫時(shí)間為1.5 h時(shí)，金屬鐿的還原率為92.1%、收率為91.2%、金屬鐿的純度為99.83%(含24個(gè)雜質(zhì))；當(dāng)溫度為2000 K、保溫時(shí)間為2.0 h時(shí)，金屬銩的還原率為85.4%、收率為84.3%、純度為97.12%。選擇性還原法對(duì)分離富集物中的稀土效果顯著，對(duì)去除非稀土雜質(zhì)也有一定效果。
關(guān)鍵字: 銩-鐿-镥富集物；選擇性還原；金屬銩；金屬鐿；物理化學(xué)分析
（School of Chemistry, Baotou Teachers College, Baotou 014030, China）
Abstract:Based on the theory of physical chemistry, the preparation feasibility of metallic ytterbium and thulium by metallic lanthanum reduction of thallium-ytterbium-lutetium enrichments was analyzed. Using the thulium-ytterbium- lutetium enrichments as raw materials and metallic lanthanum as a reducing agent, when metallic ytterbium and thulium were prepared from thulium-ytterbium-lutetium enrichments by method of selective reduction, the effects of reaction temperature on the reduction rate and yield were studied. The separation effects of rare earth and the removal ability of non-rare earth impurities were analyzed. The results show that the reduction rate and yield increase with the increase of temperature. Under the condition that the molar ratio of thulium-ytterbium-lutetium enrichments and metallic lanthanum is 1:2.5, and the system pressure is 0.1 Pa, when the temperature is 1600 K and the holding time is 1.5 h, the reduction rate of ytterbium is 92.1%, the yield is 91.2%, the purity is 99.83% (containing 24 impurities); when the temperature is 2000 K and the holding time is 2 h, the reduction rate of thulium is 85.4%, the yield is 84.3%, the purity is 97.12%. The method of selective reduction has a remarkable effect on separation of rare earth from the enrichment, and it has some effect on the removal of non-rare earth impurities.
Key words: thulium-ytterbium-lutetium enrichment; selective reduction; metallic thulium; metallic ytterbium; physical chemistry analysis
