(1. 中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；
2. 云南文山鋁業(yè)有限公司，文山 663099)
摘 要: 采用XRD和SEM-EDS (微區(qū)分析)研究了鋁灰的工藝礦物學(xué)以及其活性物相Al和AlN在水和氫氧化鈉溶液中的反應(yīng)行為。結(jié)果表明：鋁灰中活性物相Al、AlN等含量較多，且AlN含量多于Al的。鋁灰中Al多以球形顆粒單獨(dú)存在，也常與Si嵌布形成合金；AlN以大顆粒塊狀或針狀顆粒單獨(dú)存在，也可與α-Al2O3共存；剛玉(α-Al2O3)存在的形態(tài)不一；NaCl大多單獨(dú)聚集存在，少部分被包裹和分散。活性含鋁物相Al和AlN在與水反應(yīng)時(shí)，反應(yīng)緩慢，反應(yīng)率小；AlN比Al更易反應(yīng)；Al與水反應(yīng)生成的氫氧化鋁包裹了Al顆粒，阻礙了反應(yīng)進(jìn)行。而與濃氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)時(shí)，鋁灰中的Al和AlN迅速發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，常溫下0.5 h反應(yīng)率均達(dá)到80%以上，并且Al比AlN更易反應(yīng)。Si和SiO2也會(huì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)。同時(shí)，溫度升高有利于Al和AlN與水或堿反應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁灰；鋁；氮化鋁；工藝礦物學(xué)；水；氫氧化鈉
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Yunan Wenshan Aluminium Co., Ltd., Wenshan 663099, China）
Abstract:The mineralogy of aluminum dross and the reaction behavior of the active phase (Al and AlN) in water and sodium hydroxide solution were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS (microanalysis). The results indicate that more Al and AlN occur in aluminum dross, and AlN content is more than Al content. Al exists alone as spherical particles or appears in Al-Si alloy. AlN can exist alone or co-exist with α-Al2O3 in the shape of large particles or needle-like particles, respectively, corundum (α-Al2O3) appearance is irregular. NaCl occurs alone or appears together with other phases, Al or AlN reacts with water slowly. AlN is more active compared with Al in water. Moreover, the formation of aluminum hydroxide on Al particle limits the reaction of Al in water. However, Al or AlN quickly reacts with the concentrated NaOH solution with reaction rate of above 80% at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h, Al reacts more quickly as comparison with AlN in NaOH solution. Meanwhile, Si and SiO2 also react with the concentrated NaOH solution. In addition, elevating temperature promotes the reaction of AlN and Al in water or NaOH solution.
Key words: aluminum dross; aluminum; aluminum nitride; mineralogy; water; sodium hydroxide
