(西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 應(yīng)用物理系，西安 710072)
摘 要: 采用數(shù)值模擬方法建立單層和雙層電磁感應(yīng)線圈的仿真模型，分析線圈幾何構(gòu)型對(duì)空間磁場(chǎng)分布、金屬球體表面的麥克斯韋應(yīng)力張量分布和線圈懸浮性能的作用規(guī)律。選取Al和Ti兩種金屬作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，研究線圈匝數(shù)、金屬質(zhì)量與最小懸浮電流之間的本征關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)多種用于大體積金屬無容器處理的電磁懸浮線圈，并實(shí)現(xiàn)直徑10~50 mm的三種球狀金屬在空氣中的懸浮加熱。利用優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的線圈成功懸浮Al、Ti和Cu三種不同密度的典型金屬，其中懸浮起質(zhì)量高達(dá)807 g的純銅。
關(guān)鍵字: 大體積金屬材料；電磁線圈；懸浮力；優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
（Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:Containerless processing technique of bulk metals is of great importance not only in fundamental sciences, such as materials science and liquid physics, but also for the development of advanced materials. Due to the small size of levitated samples, novel materials research and its industrial application are seriously restricted. Therefore, a numerical model of single-layer coil and double-layer coil was established to analyze the effect of the coil structure on the distribution of magnetic field, the surface pressure and the levitation capability. Besides, the relationship among number of turns, metal mass and the minimum value of levitation current were investigated experimentally. Meanwhile, various electromagnetic levitation coils were designed to increase the levitation force, which were used to perform containerless processing of bulk metallic materials. Three kinds of spherical bulk metals are successfully levitated and heated by the designed coils, whose diameters range from 10 to 50 mm. Electromagnetic levitation of 807 g copper has been successfully achieved by greatly enhancing the levitation force through the optimized geometric structure of the coil.
Key words: bulk metallic materials; electromagnetic levitation coils; levitation force; optimization design
