(1. 大連交通大學(xué) 連續(xù)擠壓教育部工程研究中心，大連 116028；
2. 太原鐵路局，太原 030013)
摘 要: 摩擦副形式是影響摩擦制動(dòng)性能的重要因素之一。針對(duì)等面積的圓形、三角形和六邊形摩擦塊與制動(dòng)盤(pán)構(gòu)成的3種摩擦副，通過(guò)縮比慣性制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，測(cè)試制動(dòng)壓力為0.5~1.1 MPa，制動(dòng)速度50~250 km/h條件下，摩擦塊形狀對(duì)摩擦因數(shù)和制動(dòng)盤(pán)表面溫度場(chǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明：閘片摩擦塊的幾何形狀對(duì)摩擦因數(shù)的影響程度與制動(dòng)工況有關(guān)，在較低的制動(dòng)速度條件下，摩擦因數(shù)對(duì)摩擦塊形狀的變化較為敏感，三角形摩擦副由于處于低溫區(qū)的面積比例高而使其摩擦因數(shù)高于另兩種摩擦副的。3種摩擦副的溫度演化規(guī)律與摩擦區(qū)實(shí)際接觸弧的分布有關(guān)。在制動(dòng)初期，受到制動(dòng)盤(pán)摩擦歷史的影響，盤(pán)面的不均勻磨損使實(shí)際接觸弧位于摩擦區(qū)兩側(cè)，導(dǎo)致兩側(cè)率先形成狹窄的環(huán)帶狀高溫區(qū)，隨著制動(dòng)過(guò)程的進(jìn)行，實(shí)際接觸弧分布與理論接觸弧分布一致，兩窄帶狀高溫區(qū)向摩擦區(qū)域中部移動(dòng)并合并成一個(gè)環(huán)形高溫區(qū)，摩擦塊形狀及位置造成熱流輸入的差別對(duì)溫度分布影響不明顯。
關(guān)鍵字: 制動(dòng)；摩擦因數(shù)；溫度場(chǎng)；摩擦副
（1. Engineering Research Center of Continuous Extrusion, Ministry of Education, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China;
2. Taiyuan Railway Administration, Taiyuan 030013, China）
Abstract:The pattern of a friction pair is one of the important factors that affect the friction braking performance. For three different kinds of friction pairs formed with round, triangle and hexagon pad, the braking experiments were conducted on an inertia test bench under the conditions of 0.5-1.1 MPa braking pressure and 50-250 km/h initial speeds. The effects of friction pair on the friction coefficient and disc surface temperature were investigated. The results show that the effect of the brake pad geometry on the friction coefficient is related to the braking conditions. At lower braking speed, the friction coefficient is sensitive to the pad geometry. The friction coefficient of the triangle friction pair is higher than that of the other two friction pairs due to the higher proportion of the area in the lower temperature region. The temperature evolution of three kinds of friction pairs is related to the distribution of the actual contact arc in the friction region. In the initial stage of braking, due to the influence of the friction history of the brake disk, the uneven wear of the disk causes the actual contact arc on both sides of the friction region. The narrow band high temperature areas have firstly formed on both sides. With the braking process, the actual contact arc distribution is consistent with the theoretical contact arc distribution. The narrow band high temperature areas move towards the middle of friction area, and merge into an annular high temperature area. The shape and position of the pad lead to the difference of heat flow input, which has no obvious influence on the temperature distribution.
Key words: braking; friction coefficient; temperature field; friction pair
