(1. 寧夏大學 機械工程學院，銀川 750021；
2. 湖南大學 汽車車身先進設計制造國家重點實驗室，長沙 410082)
摘 要: 以6063鋁合金多胞薄壁梁結構為研究對象，采用準靜態(tài)軸向加載的方式，借助WAW-E600型微控萬能試驗機，探明時效處理對鋁合金薄壁梁壓縮變形行為與吸能性能的影響規(guī)律。結果表明：隨著時效處理時間的延長，6063鋁合金多胞薄壁梁試樣的變形模式逐漸由歐拉模式轉變?yōu)槭诛L琴模式，試樣的峰值載荷、名義載荷與吸能性能也逐漸提高；針對載荷-位移曲線進行二階求導獲得結構臨界失穩(wěn)載荷，運用Slogistic函數(shù)擬合研究時效處理對試樣承載性能的影響規(guī)律；基于T-Student相關性參數(shù)評估方法，通過主因子相關性分析引入Ramberg-Osgood硬化指數(shù)n(n為變量)，建立峰值載荷、名義載荷、可壓縮變形量及吸能性能的二次多項式擬合模型，該模型能夠準確預測不同時效處理狀態(tài)下6063鋁合金薄壁梁結構的彈塑性變形行為，為鋁合金車身結構的概念設計提供理論指導。
關鍵字: 鋁合金；薄壁結構；時效處理；準靜態(tài)壓縮；變形行為
（1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China）
Abstract:The effect of heat treatment on collapse behaviors and energy absorption of 6063 aluminum alloy with multi cell thin-walled structure was investigated by quasi-static axial compression using WAW-E600 microcomputer controlled universal testing machine. The results show that the deformation mode of the 6063 aluminum alloy with multi cell thin-walled structure changes from Euler mode to concertina mode with the increase of aging time, while the peak load, mean load and energy absorption of the sample also enlarge. The critical buckling load of the structure is obtained by the second order derivation of the load-displacement curve. The influence of aging treatment on the bearing performance of the specimen was studied by Slogistic function fitting. Based on the T-Student evaluation method, the Ramberg-Osgood hardening parameter n is introduced as a variable by the main effect analysis. The quadratic polynomial fitting models of peak load, mean load, collapsed length and energy absorption performance were established. The models can accurately predict the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy thin-walled structure under different aging conditions, which can provide theoretical guidance for the conceptual design of aluminum alloy automotive body.
Key words: aluminum alloy; thin-walled structure; aging treatment; quasi-static compression; collapse behavior
