(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083; 2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與資源工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 風(fēng)化殼淋積型稀土開采過(guò)程中，顆粒級(jí)配一直是影響礦體滲透性和浸礦效果的關(guān)鍵因素。為探究不同顆粒級(jí)配條件下風(fēng)化殼淋積型稀土滲透特性規(guī)律，選取6組不同配比的稀土礦樣，通過(guò)自制的變水頭滲透裝置開展室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)，有效模擬整個(gè)浸礦過(guò)程中礦體的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)，分析不同粒徑配比下礦樣的滲透特性與浸礦效果。結(jié)果表明：不同顆粒級(jí)配的稀土礦對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的滲透效果，基于試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)得到孔隙率與滲透系數(shù)呈“類指數(shù)”的變化，參照擬合結(jié)果得到修訂的滲透系數(shù)模型，并將修訂模型進(jìn)行了推廣。機(jī)制分析認(rèn)為：孔隙比較小時(shí)稀土礦顆粒的結(jié)合水膜占據(jù)了有效孔隙，對(duì)溶浸液流動(dòng)具有極大的黏滯性。隨著孔隙比的增大，結(jié)合水膜效應(yīng)逐漸弱化，滲流效果顯著增強(qiáng)。
關(guān)鍵字: 風(fēng)化殼淋積型稀土；滲透系數(shù)模型；結(jié)合水膜效應(yīng)；孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)
（1. Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:During the leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore, the grain grading is the key factor affecting the permeability of ore body and leaching results. In order to explore the feature rule of permeability of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore under different grain grading conditions, six groups of rare earth of different grain grading were prepared. The indoor experiment was conducted on the self-made variable water head infiltration equipment to analyze the permeability of ore body and leaching results, which effectively simulate the ore body porous structure of the whole leaching process. The results show that the rare earth with different grain grading corresponds to different permeation effects results. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between porosity and permeability is summarized as “index relation”, and the modified permeability coefficient model is obtained by referring to the fitting results, the revised model is promoted. The mechanism analysis shows that the bonded water film of rare earth ore particles occupies the effective pores when the pores are relatively small, and it imposes great viscosous effect on the flow of the solution. With the increase of porosity, the bonded water film effect is weakened and the effect of seepage is enhanced.
Key words: weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth; permeability coefficient model; bonded water film effect; particle grading
