(1. 昆明理工大學 省部共建復雜有色金屬資源清潔利用國家重點實驗室，昆明 650093； 2. 昆明理工大學 國土資源工程學院，昆明 650000； 3. 西北大學 外國語學院，西安 710069； 4. 中國礦業(yè)大學 化工學院，徐州 221000)
摘 要: 本文主要考察了異極礦的成礦規(guī)律、結(jié)構(gòu)特征以及異極礦與浮選藥劑之間的作用規(guī)律，詳細分析了影響異極礦可浮性的重要因素，總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外與異極礦相關(guān)的浮選藥劑與異極礦之間的作用規(guī)律，研究結(jié)果表明：在成礦的前期階段，異極礦易與粘土礦物混雜，采用浮選法進行回收時含鋅礦物易損失于礦泥中，從而使得異極礦的浮選回收率較低；胺類捕收劑的極性基團—NH2中N、H原子與異極礦表面的Zn、Si、O、H等原子之間并未形成有效的化學鍵，捕收劑與異極礦之間的作用方式僅為靜電吸附；由于異極礦中SiO4-的體積比Zn2+更大，在與浮選藥劑發(fā)生作用時，礦物表面的Zn2+往往被SiO42-屏蔽，使得礦物溶解度降低，從而使得S2-、HS-等起硫化作用的離子很難與Zn2+結(jié)合，硫化時間增長；螯合劑法有望成為異極礦浮選新的高效選別方法。
關(guān)鍵字: 異極礦；成礦規(guī)律；可浮性；作用機理
（1. National Key Laboratory for Clean Application of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resources, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; 2. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, China; 3. School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China; 4. School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China）
Abstract:Metallogenic regularity and structural characteristics of hemimorphite and action regularity between hemimorphite and flotation reagents were studied. The important factors affecting the floatability of hemimorphite were analyzed in details and interaction rules between hemimorphite and reagents were summarized. The results show that the hemimorphite mix easily with clay minerals in the early stage of mineralization, which leads to the fact that zinc containing mineral losts in the slime when the flotation method is used and the recovery rate of hemimorphite is low. No chemical bonds are formed between N and H atoms in polar group -NH2 of amine collectors and Zn, Si, O, H on the surface of hemimorphite, and the acting way between hemimorphite and collectors is electrostatic adsorption only. The mineral surface of Zn2+ is often shielded by SiO42- because the volume of SiO42- is larger than that of Zn2+. When they act with flotation reagents, the solubility of minerals is reduced and the sulfurication ion such as S2- and HS- are difficult to combine with Zn2+ and more sulfurization time is needed. Chelating agent method is expected to become the high efficient separation method of the flotation of hemimorphite.
Key words: hemimorphite; metallogenic regularity; floatability; mechanism
