(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083； 2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與資源工程學(xué)院，北京 100083； 3. 遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué) 安全工程與科學(xué)學(xué)院，葫蘆島 125105)
摘 要: 堆體結(jié)構(gòu)是影響堆內(nèi)溶浸液分布均勻性和浸礦效果的關(guān)鍵。為探究不同堆體結(jié)構(gòu)條件下次生硫化銅礦生物浸出規(guī)律，選取粗、細(xì)粒徑兩種礦石顆粒，開展多種筑堆方式的室內(nèi)柱浸實(shí)驗(yàn)，為期60 d，有效模擬實(shí)際堆體的多種結(jié)構(gòu)，并引入CT無損探測(cè)技術(shù)，分析不同堆體結(jié)構(gòu)下孔隙特征，獲取了細(xì)菌濃度、pH值、銅浸出率等變化規(guī)律，以及浸礦時(shí)間與銅浸出率的關(guān)系方程等。結(jié)果表明：不同堆體結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于礦石浸出效果的影響程度不同，采用均一大粒徑礦石筑堆時(shí)，礦石浸出效果最優(yōu)；浸礦60 d后，銅浸出率達(dá)75.9%；當(dāng)堆內(nèi)含細(xì)顆粒層且其位于堆下部時(shí)，溶液下滲困難，礦石浸出效果較差，銅浸出率僅為59.5%；反之，細(xì)粒層位于上部時(shí)具有良好的分流作用，浸礦效果較優(yōu)。浸礦后期，在泥質(zhì)、石英等不反應(yīng)物的物理沉積，硫、黃鉀鐵礬、硫化鈣等反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物化學(xué)膠結(jié)，胞外多聚物等生物因素的共同作用下，銅浸出率逐漸達(dá)到峰值。
關(guān)鍵字: 次生硫化銅礦；堆體結(jié)構(gòu)；柱浸；顆粒偏析；CT技術(shù)
（1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 3. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China）
Abstract:Heap structure is the key effect of solution distribution inside heaps and copper leaching effect. To research the bioleaching law of secondary copper sulfide under different conditions of heap structure, this study selects coarse and fine particles and carry out indoor column leaching experiments with couple of dumping modes continued for 60 days, effectively simulating the couples structure in real heaps, analyzing the pore structure under different heap structures based on CT technology, researching the changing law of bacteria concentration, pH value, copper leaching rate with leaching time, and obtaining the relationship equation between leaching time and copper leaching rate. The results show that the effect of different heap structure on ore leaching is different, and it tends to be the best by using the uniform particle size ores, the copper leaching rate reaches 75.9% after being leached for 60 days, the solution is hard to infiltration vertically and leaching effect is poor when fine interlayers located in the lower portion of heaps, the copper leaching rate reaches 59.5%. On the contrary, the upper layer of fine particles plays a good diversion effect and leaching rate tends to be higher. In the later part of ore leaching, copper leaching rate reaches the peak under the effect of the physical deposition of muddy, quartz and other non-reactants, the chemical agglomeration of sulfur, jarosite and other reaction production layer, and the biological factors like extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and so on.
Key words: secondary copper sulfide; heap structure; column leaching; particle segregation; computed tomography technology
