(1. 河套學(xué)院 理學(xué)系，巴彥淖爾 015000；
2. 中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 以Na2CO3-NaCl熔鹽作為熔煉介質(zhì)，提出以鐵源為固硫劑的輝銻礦還原固硫直接熔煉，以解決當(dāng)前煉銻工藝存在的溫度高、流程長等缺點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明：在Sb2S3-FeO-C反應(yīng)體系中，Sb2S3的還原固硫反應(yīng)分步進(jìn)行，Sb2S3先與FeO發(fā)生交互反應(yīng)生成Sb2O3和FeS，Sb2O3再被還原劑還原成金屬銻。以Fe2O3為固硫劑的熔煉實(shí)驗(yàn)得到最佳工藝條件為： =1.0、碳粉質(zhì)量為精礦質(zhì)量的40%、熔煉溫度850 ℃、熔煉時(shí)間60 min。在此最佳條件下，銻直收率為91.48%，粗銻品位94.31%。較傳統(tǒng)火法煉銻工藝，熔煉溫度降低300 ℃以上，熔煉過程中硫以FeS形式被固定，消除低濃度二氧化硫煙氣的污染。
關(guān)鍵字: 銻冶金；熔鹽熔煉；固硫機(jī)理；氧化鐵渣
（1. Science Department, Hetao College, Bayannur 015000, China;
2. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In the views of the shortcomings in the current antimony smelting process which are high energy consumption and a long flow, a new process was proposed to smelt antimony directly from stibnite by reducing and sulfur-fixing reaction in NaCl-Na2CO3 molten salt. The reaction mechanism of reductive sulfur-fixation process of Sb2S3 was investigated. The results show that, for Sb2S3-FeO-C system, Sb2O3 and FeS are generated by sulfur-fixation reaction between Sb2S3 and FeO. And then, Sb2O3 can be consecutively reduced to Sb by reductive agent. The influencing parameters during smelting process are comprehensively investigated, including sodium salt content and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and smelting time. The optimum conditions are determined as follows: =1.0, mC:mconcentrate=40%, smelting temperature of 850 ℃ and smelting time of 60 min. Under the optimal smelting conditions, the average direct recovery rate of antimony and grade of crude antimony are 91.48% and 94.31%，respectively. Comparing to the traditional pyro-metallurgical process, the smelting temperature of present process is reduced at least 300 ℃. And sulfur is fixed in the form of FeS in the smelting process, so low concentration of SO2 emission could be avoided completely.
Key words: antimony metallurgy; molten salt smelting; sulfur-fixing mechanism; ferric oxide slag
