(1. 江西理工大學 冶金與化學工程學院，贛州 341000；
2. 河南省冶金研究所有限責任公司，鄭州 450053)
摘 要: 針對傳統(tǒng)硫酸化焙燒紅土鎳礦能耗高、設備腐蝕大等缺點，采用硫酸銨焙燒-水浸處理紅土鎳礦的工藝；考察硫酸銨焙燒過程中焙燒劑硫酸銨用量、焙燒溫度、焙燒時間對有價金屬回收率的影響，并對紅土鎳礦硫酸銨焙燒熱力學進行分析。結果表明：在礦料與硫酸銨質(zhì)量比4:3、焙燒溫度400 ℃、焙燒時間90 min的工藝條件下，紅土鎳礦中Ni、Co、Mn的回收率分別達到90.8%、85.41%和86.74%，而Fe的回收率僅為9.98%，達到選擇性提取有價金屬的效果。升高溫度有利于蛇紋石相與硫酸銨的反應，抑制鎂鐵礦石的反應，從而抑制該部分Fe的硫酸化。經(jīng)適當條件焙燒后，目標金屬以硫酸鹽形式進入水相，而Fe主要以不溶于水的形式存在。
關鍵字: 紅土鎳礦；硫酸銨；焙燒；熱力學
（1. School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. Henan Institute of Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450053, China）
Abstract:Aimed at the shortages of traditional sulfation roasting process, such as high energy consumption and equipment corrosion, the method of ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching for nickel laterite was applied. The parameters in roasting procedure such as ammonium sulfate dosage, roasting temperature and roasting time were studied. The process of ammonium sulfate roasting was analyzed in thermodynamics to illustrate the effect of roasting temperature. The results indicate that the recovery rates of Ni, Co and Mn are 90.8%, 85.41% and 86.74%, respectively, and Fe dissolution is only 9.98%. Higher roasting temperature boosts the reaction of ammonium sulfate and serpentine ore much more rather than magnesioferrite, which inhibits the sulfation of Fe from magnesioferrite. In roasting products，objective metals exist in the form of sulfate, which can be leached into the aqueous phase while the iron exists mainly in the form of water-insoluble oxide.
Key words: nickel laterite ore; ammonium sulfate; roasting; thermodynamics
