(福州大學 石油化工學院化學工程技術研究所，福州 350108)
摘 要: 為解決傳統(tǒng)明礬石提鉀、鋁研究一直存在的大規(guī)模產業(yè)化過程復雜、高成本等難題，以紫金礦業(yè)選銅尾礦浮選得到的明礬石為原料，首次提出采用硫酸直接加壓酸浸新工藝，在明礬石未經過煅燒情況下鋁、鉀的浸出率可以分別達到98.54%、95.73%，遠高于常壓浸出效果，而且工藝過程簡單，提取成本低，反應過程較佳的工藝參數為：溫度220 ℃、酸礦比(g/g)為3:1、酸含量為25%(質量分數)、反應時間120 min、攪拌速率為600 r/min。通過X射線衍射和掃描電鏡的分析表明：明礬石結構被充分破壞，浸出渣的主要成分為SiO2。
關鍵字: 尾礦；明礬石；綜合利用；加壓酸浸；浸出率
（Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the difficulty of high cost and wide industrialization in the traditional techniques of extracting potassium and aluminum from alunite, the alunite floated from the tailings of Zijin copper ore was processed by non-roasting pressure acid-leaching. Compared with normal pressure leaching process, it can not only improve the leaching ratio of K and Al to 95.73% and 98.54%, respectively, but also have simpler technological route and low cost. Based on experimental research, the optimal leaching parameters are leaching temperature of 220 ℃, acid to ore ratio (g/g) of 3:1, initial acid concentration of 25%, leaching time of 120 min and stirring rate of 600 r/min. Analysis of the high pressure acid leaching residue by X-Ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis indicates that crystal structure of alunite is completely destroyed, and the main chemical composition of leaching residue is SiO2.
Key words: tailing; alunite; comprehensive utilization; pressure acid-leaching; leaching rate
