(中南大學 資源與安全工程學院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 為解決三山島金礦充填料漿管道輸送過程中存在的高濃度、高倍線、強阻力等技術難題，對三山島金礦充填料漿展開環(huán)管試驗，研究高倍線強阻力條件下高濃度充填料漿的管道輸送特性。通過測出不同灰沙比條件下不同質(zhì)量濃度的充填料漿在不同輸送速度下的壓力損失以及不同停頓時間再次泵送時的啟動阻力，得到充填料漿的流變特性。在充填料漿沉降實驗和環(huán)管試驗的基礎上，結(jié)合非線性牛頓體管道輸送理論和計算機流體動態(tài)數(shù)值分析方法對充填料漿的輸送阻力和速度分布進行計算。結(jié)果表明：三山島金礦充填系統(tǒng)采用內(nèi)徑為125 mm的陶瓷復合鋼管作為輸送管道，灰砂比1:4，質(zhì)量濃度為72%~78%的充填料漿輸送阻力低于5 MPa；隨著料漿濃度的提高，其流變模型由屈服偽塑性體逐漸向賓漢體轉(zhuǎn)變；灰砂比為1:10、質(zhì)量分數(shù)為72%的充填料漿輸送阻力大于9 MPa，料漿具有典型的固液二相流特征。
關鍵字: 強阻力；泵送；環(huán)管實驗；海底開采；流變特征；計算機流體動態(tài)
（School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the existed technical problems in the filling slurry pipeline transportation, such as high mass concentration, high filling times line, strong resistance, the flowing characteristics were studied by pumping looping pipe experiment. The rheological characteristics were analyzed by measuring the date of hydraulic loss and pumping resistance of restarting the pump after different pause times during transporting backfilling slurry with different matching, flux and mass fraction. Combining the results of physical properties experiment and pumping looping pipe experiment with non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, the flow and rheological characteristics of cement classified tailings backfilling slurry with different matching and mass fraction in pipeline transportation were concluded. Fluent was used to calculate the pressure loss and velocity distribution in pipeline. The simulation results show that, when the slurry is transported by ceramic compound steel pipe with inner diameter of 125 mm, the pressure loss of transporting the filling slurry with mass fractions of 72% and 78% and cement-sand ratio of 1:4 are below 5 MPa. The rheological model transforms yield-pseudoplastic model to Bingham model with the improvement of mass fraction. Moreover, the pipeline pressure loss of transporting the filling slurry with mass fractions of 72% and cement-sand ratio of 1:10 is greater than 9 MPa. The flow characteristic of this filling slurry presents typical solid-liquid mixing two phase liquid character. The results provide the theoretical basis and a new design idea for the parameter optimizing in pipeline transportation system to meet the requirements of safety and efficiency mining.
Key words: strong resistance; pipe pumping; pumping looping pipe experiment; undersea mining; rheological characteristic; computational fluid dynamics
