(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 深部金屬礦床開發(fā)與災(zāi)害控制重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 為解決司家營鐵礦超大規(guī)模超細泥化全尾砂漿體沉降速度慢、溢流水渾濁、絮凝劑單耗高等問題，基于新型磁化助凝劑，進行了室內(nèi)超細泥化全尾砂動態(tài)絮凝沉降實驗。為獲得各影響因子(磁場強度、助凝劑單耗、絮凝劑單耗和供料速度)作用下最小的溢流水濁度，基于響應(yīng)面分析法，進行了四因素五水平的中心組合實驗設(shè)計。采用電位分析和電鏡掃描等方法分析了助凝劑和絮凝劑的協(xié)同作用機理。結(jié)果表明:在磁場強度為0.3 T，助凝劑單耗為200 mL/t，絮凝劑單耗為30 g/t，供料速度為0.6 t/(m2·h)時，絮凝劑單耗、溢流水濁度和含固量分別降低約50%、90%和80%；深錐單位面積處理能力、充填和干排效率分別提升約20%、17%和13%。新型磁化絮凝劑經(jīng)濟環(huán)保，在實現(xiàn)司家營鐵礦7000萬噸超細全尾砂漿體安全高效處置的基礎(chǔ)上，可節(jié)約經(jīng)濟成本5300萬元，在國內(nèi)外礦山具有巨大的推廣應(yīng)用價值。
關(guān)鍵字: 超細泥化全尾砂；絮凝沉降；磁化助凝劑；動態(tài)沉降實驗；響應(yīng)面分析法；協(xié)同作用機理
（1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Exploitation and Hazard Control for Deep Metal Mines,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In order to accelerate the sedimentation of super-large-scale argillized ultrafine tailings with bad features such as low settling velocity, muddy overflow water, and large flocculant dosage, a fly-ash-based magnetic coagulant (FAMC) was used in a dynamic experimental device. To obtain the best possible combination of the impact factors (magnetic intensity, FAMC dosage, flocculant dosage, and feed speed) for minimum overflow turbidity, a response surface methodology test coupled with a four-factor five-level central composite design was conducted. The synergy mechanism of FAMC and flocculant was analyzed based on the potential measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the flocculant dosage, overflow turbidity, and solid content can be reduced by 50%, 90%, and 80%, while the handling capacity per unit and efficiency of backfill and dry stacking can be promoted by 20%, 17%, and 13%, respectively, with a magnetic intensity of 0.3 T, FAMC dosage of 200 mL/t, flocculant dosage of 30 g/t, and feed speed of 0.6 t/(m2×h). Therefore, synergy of FAMC and flocculant has obvious efficiency in saving energy and protecting the environment by allowing 70×106 t/a of argillized ultrafine tailings slurry to be disposed safely and efficiently with a cost saving of more than 53×106 Yuan/a, which gives it great promise for use in domestic and foreign mines.
Key words: super-large-scale argillized ultrafine tailings; flocculation and sedimentation; fly-ash-based magnetic coagulant; dynamic experimental device; response surface methodology; synergy mechanism
