(中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 延時(shí)爆破中延期時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別對(duì)于優(yōu)化爆破設(shè)計(jì)和降低爆破振動(dòng)效應(yīng)具有重要作用。以超大斷面調(diào)壓豎井導(dǎo)井爆破為例，對(duì)比分析了基于Hilbert-Huang 變換(HHT)的EMD識(shí)別法和瞬時(shí)能量識(shí)別法在精確短延時(shí)爆破中的延期時(shí)間識(shí)別能力，發(fā)現(xiàn)EMD識(shí)別法的識(shí)別率在80%以上，而瞬時(shí)能量法識(shí)別率低于25%。通過單孔爆破振動(dòng)信號(hào)瞬時(shí)能量分析表明，瞬時(shí)能量識(shí)別法適用于延期時(shí)間大于瞬時(shí)能量峰值半周期的微差爆破。將EMD識(shí)別法應(yīng)用于紫金山露天礦微差爆破延期時(shí)間識(shí)別，為降低爆破振動(dòng)和爆破大塊率，以識(shí)別結(jié)果為依據(jù)對(duì)爆破參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表明:通過優(yōu)化起爆雷管和延期時(shí)間，相同單孔藥量下爆破振動(dòng)降低30%以上；結(jié)合壓渣爆破和前排抵抗線優(yōu)化，爆破塊度成功降低到3%以下。研究結(jié)果證明了基于HHT的延期時(shí)間識(shí)別法能有效實(shí)現(xiàn)爆破設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)化，該識(shí)別方法對(duì)于其他類似爆破工程的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵字: 延期時(shí)間識(shí)別；短延時(shí)爆破；精確起爆；爆破降振；Hilbert-Huang 變換(HHT)
（School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The accurate identification of delay time in millisecond blasting plays an important role in the optimization of blasting design and reduction of vibration effect. Through a case study of a surge shaft blasting project, the capability of the EMD (empirical mode decomposition) method in identifying the delay time of short millisecond blasting with precise initiation was compared with the instantaneous energy method based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The recognition rate of the EMD method was more than 80%, while the instantaneous energy method was less than 25%. By analyzing the instantaneous energy of single-hole blasting signal, it was found that the instantaneous energy method was adaptable to millisecond blasting with delay time longer than half of the energy peak period. The EMD method was used to identify delay time of millisecond blasting in Zijinshan open-pit mine. According to the identification results, the blasting parameters were optimized for controlling the blast-induced vibration and reducing the large block ratio. The field data showed that the velocity peak of ground vibration was reduced by more than 30% under almost the same maximum charge per delay by the optimization of delay time and detonating detonators. Combining with slag-remaining blasting and burden optimization of the first row, the large block ratio was reduced to less than 3%. The research results proved that the identification method based on HHT was feasible to optimize the blasting design. The identification method is also of certain reference value for design optimization of other similar blasting projects.
Key words: delay time identification; short millisecond blasting; precise initiation; vibration reduction; Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT)
