(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 湖南省深部金屬礦開發(fā)與災(zāi)害控制重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 底部結(jié)構(gòu)是地下礦山規(guī)模開采的重要工程結(jié)構(gòu)和爆破補(bǔ)償空間。在碎裂礦段的地下采礦過程中，對(duì)底部空間的塊體結(jié)構(gòu)和三維巖石楔體開展穩(wěn)定性分析是采礦成功的關(guān)鍵。楔體的穩(wěn)定性主要由地質(zhì)因素(包括底部結(jié) 構(gòu)與楔體的工程尺寸、形狀和空間位置)、產(chǎn)生楔體結(jié)構(gòu)的不連續(xù)面的剪切強(qiáng)度和抗拉強(qiáng)度以及巖體應(yīng)力分布控制。應(yīng)用Unwedge軟件，設(shè)計(jì)橫斷面夾角、底部結(jié)構(gòu)走向和傾角3因素、5水平的正交試驗(yàn)，獲得底部結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。研究結(jié)果表明:地下空間的安全系數(shù)為1.2，底部結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù)優(yōu)化由爆破塊度、水流方向和設(shè)備爬坡能力決定；楔體的穩(wěn)定性根據(jù)塊體形狀和連續(xù)冒落進(jìn)行分析；優(yōu)化參數(shù)為斷面夾角27°、走向315°~325°、傾角5°，滿足底部結(jié)構(gòu)空間塊體安全穩(wěn)定性要求，是合理優(yōu)化的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。
關(guān)鍵字: 楔體穩(wěn)定性；碎裂礦段；底部結(jié)構(gòu)；Unwedge軟件；優(yōu)化
（1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Exploitation and Hazard Control for Deep Metal Mines,
Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Undercut is one kind of important spaces to place the mining blocks in the mass underground mining. This structure is also used as a compensation space during blasting. In the process of underground mining in the fragment orebody, it is important and critical to analyze the stability and blockage of the three-dimensional wedges created around the undercut space. The wedge stability is mainly controlled by factors including geometry (i.e., the size, shape and spatial location of the wedge and undercut), the strength (shear and tensile) of the discontinuities that created the wedge, and the stress distribution within the rock mass. The Unwedge software was used to conduct the orthogonal simulation tests (three factors and five levels) that considered different cross sections, trends, and plunges of the undercut space. The results demonstrate that the control value of the safety factor of wedge is set to be 1.2. The optimal parameters are determined in the undercut space, such as the blasting fragmentation, orientation of the fluid flow, and the equipment gradeability; the wedge stability can be evaluated in the light of the block images and continuous falling; the stability of the key block meets the needs of the undercut space, the parameters gained are reasonable and optimal. Cross section is 27°, trend is from 315° to 325° (it is 320° at in-suit test) and plunge is 5°.
Key words: wedge stability; fragment orebody; undercut; Unwedge software; optimization
