(1. 寧夏大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院，銀川 750021；
2. 湖南大學(xué)汽車車身先進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)制造國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長(zhǎng)沙 410082)
摘 要: 以6063鋁合金薄壁梁結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象，采用準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)軸向加載的方式，借助WAW-E600型微控萬(wàn)能試驗(yàn)機(jī)，探明誘導(dǎo)孔結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)鋁合金薄壁梁壓縮變形行為與吸能性能的影響規(guī)律。研究表明：?jiǎn)闻耪T導(dǎo)孔能夠使試樣的變形模式由歐拉模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛旌夏Ｊ剑岣咴嚇幼冃蔚姆€(wěn)定性，降低載荷峰值，吸能性能增加26.78%。多排誘導(dǎo)孔的位置與尺寸對(duì)薄壁梁的變形有較大影響，試樣中部的誘導(dǎo)孔會(huì)降低結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性，使試樣失穩(wěn)以歐拉模式變形為主，其載荷水平及吸能性能均較低；尺寸呈梯度變化的誘導(dǎo)孔能夠使試樣發(fā)生手風(fēng)琴模式的變形，試樣順序壓潰，載荷波動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，吸能性能較高；大尺寸誘導(dǎo)孔會(huì)使試樣在局部發(fā)生剪切變形并逐層順序壓潰，其載荷平穩(wěn)，是一種新的變形模式。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比，系統(tǒng)研究誘導(dǎo)孔尺寸對(duì)臨界載荷的影響規(guī)律，并基于線形回歸理論，建立鋁合金薄壁梁結(jié)構(gòu)臨界載荷與截面慣性矩之間的定量關(guān)系。
關(guān)鍵字: 薄壁梁；誘導(dǎo)孔；準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)壓縮；壓潰行為；變形模式
（1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body,
Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China）
Abstract:The effect of cut-outs on deformation behaviors and energy absorption of 6063 aluminum with thin-walled structures will be investigated by quasi-static axial compression using WAW-E600 microcomputer controlled universal testing machine. The results show that the deformation mode of the aluminum extrusions is changed from Euler mode to Mixed mode after setting single line cut-outs on the specimen, and the energy absorption increases 26.78%. The deformation behavior is more stable and the peak force is lower than that of the complete sample during compression. The size and position of cutouts have very significant effects on axial collapse behaviors of aluminum thin-walled structure. The aluminum samples buckle under Euler mode with poor performance of deformation stability, loading force and energy absorption, because cut-outs locate in the middle of extrusions. Gradually changing size of cut-outs could leads that the compression behaviors become concertina mode. The aluminum extrusions collapse from top to bottom sequentially with steady load curve and excellent energy absorbing performance. Large cut-outs will introduce local buckling with shear deformation. The compression behavior is a new mode, which has stable load and successive collapse process. Based on the experimental data, the influence of cut-outs size on the critical force was studied. The relationship between critical force and inertia of the thin-walled structure was established by using linear regression.
Key words: thin-walled structure; cut-out; quasi-static compression; collapse behavior; deformation mode
