(1. 華中科技大學(xué)力學(xué)系，武漢430074；
2. 貴陽(yáng)鋁鎂設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司技術(shù)研發(fā)中心，貴陽(yáng)550081)
摘 要: 鋁電解槽內(nèi)保持良好的熱平衡可以減少鋁電解過(guò)程中的能耗，而氧化鋁周期性的下料會(huì)破壞電解槽熱平衡。建立鋁電解槽電解質(zhì)濃度-熱場(chǎng)瞬態(tài)模型，在精確模擬氧化鋁濃度分布的基礎(chǔ)上，研究下料期間電解質(zhì)溫度及熱平衡的變化趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果表明：氧化鋁下料時(shí)，電解質(zhì)極距層局部溫度降低5 ℃左右，上表面附近區(qū)域最多降低十幾度；下料結(jié)束20 s內(nèi)，逐漸恢復(fù)到正常溫度；氧化鋁下料會(huì)打破電解質(zhì)內(nèi)的熱平衡，其中部分熱量(最高達(dá)300 kW)用來(lái)加熱氧化鋁顆粒；20 s后，電解質(zhì)會(huì)達(dá)到新的熱平衡狀態(tài)。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁電解槽；氧化鋁濃度分布；濃度；熱場(chǎng)；熱平衡
（1. Department of Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. Guiyang Aluminum-Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550081, China）
Abstract:Keeping good heat balance in the aluminum reduction cell can decrease the energy consumption in the process of aluminum electrolysis, but the feeding can destroy the heat balance. The transient model of alumina concentration and thermal field in cell was established. Based on the accurate simulation of the alumina concentration distribution, the temperature and heat balance were studied. The results show that the local electrolyte temperature decrease about 5 ℃in the electrolyte space layer and the dozen degrees around the bath surface, and gradually restored to the original temperature after 20 s. The feeding can break the heat balance of the cell, and heat at 300 kW is used to heat the alumina particles. After 20 s, the cell reaches a new heat balance state.
Key words: aluminum reduction cell; alumina concentration distribution; concentration; thermal field; heat balance
