(昆明理工大學(xué) 冶金與能源工程學(xué)院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 研究復(fù)雜硫化銅礦中銅鉛分離及選擇性浸出銅的方法。在高鉛鐵硫化銅礦中加入氧化鈣焙燒，解離銅、鐵和鉛，對焙砂進(jìn)行選擇性硫酸浸出銅；采用掃描電鏡(SEM)、X射線衍射分析儀(XRD)及能譜分析儀(EDS)表征原料、焙砂和浸出渣的結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌，揭示高鉛鐵硫化銅礦的焙燒和選擇性浸出行為。用響應(yīng)曲面法及中心復(fù)合設(shè)計原理，建立浸出溫度、液固比、酸度及三者間交互作用對銅、鐵浸出率影響的多元二次回歸方程。結(jié)果表明：鈣化焙燒能固硫和解離復(fù)雜硫化銅礦，以銅浸出率大于96.0%、鐵浸出率最低為目標(biāo)條件時，最佳選擇性浸出條件如下：浸出溫度70 ℃、液固比7.99:1、酸度102.44 g/L，最佳條件下銅的浸出率為96.05%，鐵的浸出率為15.14%，與驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)中銅和鐵的平均浸出率分別為96.17%和15.20%相比，二者偏差較小，表明模型準(zhǔn)確，優(yōu)化方案可信。
關(guān)鍵字: 復(fù)雜硫化銅礦；鈣化焙燒；浸出；響應(yīng)曲面法
（Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:The objective of this study is to extract copper from complex sulfide copper ore selectively. Calcification technology was performed in the presence of CaO, and calcinate was leached selectively with diluted H2SO4. SEM, XRD and EDS were employed to investigate the calcinating and leaching behaviour. The multivariate quadratic regression models charactering the effects of factors such as temperature, liquid-solid ratio and acidity and their interactions on leaching efficiency were studied with the aid of the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The results show that the optimum conditions to obtain Cu leaching rate larger than 96.0%, the minimum rate of iron are optimized as follows: temperature of 70 ℃, liquid-solid ratio of 7.99:1, acidity of 102.44 g/L, and the leaching rates of copper and iron reach, 96.05% and 15.14%, respectively. Compared with the results determined by the model equations, the leaching rates of copper and iron reach 96.17% and 15.20%, respectively in experimental tests, which indicates the optimization results can be trusted.
Key words: complex copper lead sulfide ore; calcification roasting; leaching; response surface methodology
