(1. 九江學院 化學與環(huán)境工程學院，九江 332005；
2. 九江學院 生命科學學院，九江 332005)
摘 要: 以多黏芽孢桿菌P.Polymyxa (PA)和根瘤農桿菌A.tumefaciens (AT)為出發(fā)菌株，采用硫酸二乙酯(DES)對其進行誘變育種與浸礦研究。結果表明：分別通過30和 40 mg/L 的DES處理出發(fā)菌株PA 和 AT，致死率分別為87%和85%，正突變率分別為10% 和 16%；篩選獲得的兩株突變菌PAM 和 ATM 達到生長穩(wěn)定期的時間分別比對應的出發(fā)菌株縮短了48和24 h，且具有更大的菌體密度以及產酸和產蛋白質與多糖的能力；浸出15 d，誘變菌株PAM 和 ATM 從富鉀砂頁巖中釋放的K2O量分別比對應的出發(fā)菌株提高了29.00% 和21.28%，且達到浸出終點的時間分別提前了5和3 d；混合誘變菌株浸出的K2O的量比單一誘變菌株PAM和ATM浸出的K2O的量分別提高了22.78% 和67.55% ，且達到浸出終點的時間比出發(fā)菌株的提前了6 d；SEM和XRD分析結果表明：混合誘變菌株對富鉀砂頁巖的破壞作用最為明顯；在富鉀頁巖混合菌浸礦過程中，P·Polymyxa為浸礦優(yōu)勢菌種，誘變前后混合菌浸出15 d后，P.Polymyxa和A.tumefaciens的菌落個數(shù)比由最初的1:1分別變?yōu)?:1和18:1。
關鍵字: “鉀”細菌；誘變；硫酸二乙酯；細菌浸出； 提鉀；富鉀砂頁巖
（1. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China;
2. School of Life Science, Jiujiang Universitiy, Jiujiang 332005, China）
Abstract:The P.Polymyxa (PA) and A.tumefaciens (AT) were used as original strains, and the mutagenesis and bioleaching induced by diethylsulfate (DES) were studied. The results show that the lethal rates of the original strains PA and AT are 87% and 85%, and the positive mutant rates are 10% and 16% after being treated by 30 and 40 mg/L DES, respectively. The two mutants of P.Polymyxa (PAM) and A.tumefaciens (ATM) screened from positive mutant strains reach stationary stages 48 h and 24 h, respectively, ahead of the corresponding original strains. PAM and ATM have higher bacterial concentrations and higher producing ability of organic acids, polysaccharides and proteins, than those of the original strains. After a 15 d leaching, the K2O concentrations in supernatants of the mutant stains PAM and ATM are improved by 29.00% and 21.28%. And the mutant strains PAM and ATM can shorten the leaching time by 5 d and 3 d, respectively, than those of the two corresponding original strains. After bioleaching for 15 d with the mixture of the two mutant strains PAM and ATM, the K2O concentration of the supernatant is 22.78% and 67.55% higher than that with the single mutant strain PAM or ATM, respectively, and the mixture can shorten leaching time by 6 d in comparison with the original strains. The SEM and XRD analyses of potassium-rich shale surfaces before and after leaching show that the mixture of PAM and ATM has the greatest corrosion and decomposition ability on shale. P.Polymyxa is the dominant culture in bacterial community during bioleaching of potassium-rich shale. After bioleaching for 15 d, the proportion of cell density in the supernatants of P.Polymyxa and A.tumefaciens before and after DES-induced mutagenesis is changed from 1:1 to about 7:1 and 18:1, respectively.
Key words: potassium bacteria; mutation; DES; bioleaching; potassium extraction; potassium-rich sandshale
