(重慶大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，重慶 400044)
摘 要: 基于有限元軟件ABAQUS，開發(fā)可同時(shí)考慮材料非線性、幾何非線性和移動(dòng)熱源的熱-彈-塑性有限元計(jì)算方法來模擬焊接過程中的熱-力學(xué)耦合行為。以3 mm厚的6061-T651鋁合金薄板TIG焊單道重熔和MIG對接接頭為例，模擬分析焊接過程中的溫度場、殘余應(yīng)力和焊接變形。同時(shí)，采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法測量兩種焊接接頭的橫向收縮和面外變形。結(jié)果表明：數(shù)值計(jì)算所得到的橫向收縮、角變形與實(shí)驗(yàn)測量結(jié)果十分吻合，驗(yàn)證所開發(fā)的有限元計(jì)算方法的有效性。此外，基于數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了鋁合金薄板焊接接頭面外變形的形成機(jī)理。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁合金；橫向收縮；面外變形；數(shù)值模擬
（College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China）
Abstract:Based on the commercial software ABAQUS, a thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method (T-E-P FEM) was developed in consideration of material nonlinearity, geometrical nonlinearity and moving heat source to simulate the thermo-mechanical behavior during welding process. The welding temperature fields, residual stress distribution and deformation in a thin-plate bead-on joint performed by TIG welding process and those in a butt joint with V-groove welded by MIG welding process were simulated. Meanwhile, the transverse shrinkages and out-of-plane deformations in thin-plate welded joints were measured by experiments. The transverse shrinkages and the out-of-deformations simulated by the T-E-P FEM are in good agreement with the measured data, and the effectiveness of the developed computational approach was verified by experiment. In addition, the formation mechanisms of out-of-plane deformation in thin-plate Al alloy joints were clarified based on the numerical and experimental results.
Key words: aluminum alloy; transverse shrinkage; out-of-plane deformation; numerical simulation
