(中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 通過(guò)X射線衍射分析、掃描電子顯微鏡、熱重差熱分析儀以及化學(xué)分析對(duì)鉛冶煉渣進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)礦物特征研究。結(jié)果表明：鉛冶煉渣中主要金屬礦物為硅鋅礦、鋅黃長(zhǎng)石、鋅鐵尖晶石、方鐵礦以及金屬鉛。鋅元素高度分散在玻璃渣相中，其中鋅在硅酸鹽中占66.28%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))，在鐵酸鹽中占31.63%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))，選礦回收有價(jià)金屬鋅需要以含鋅礦物礦相重構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)。金屬鉛與鋅鐵尖晶石伴生，可以采用強(qiáng)磁選回收鋅鐵尖晶石而富集金屬鉛。鉛冶煉渣的水溶液為弱堿性，水溶液pH值與渣料的粒度大小有關(guān)。在強(qiáng)酸或強(qiáng)堿條件下，金屬的溶解行為不同，控制堿性浸出條件可作為冶煉渣中鉛選擇性提取的有效方法。
關(guān)鍵字: 鉛冶煉渣；鉛；鋅；金屬回收；礦物特征
（School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The mineralogical characterization of the lead smelter slag was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analyzer and chemical analysis. The results show that the major constituents in the slag are willemite, hardystonite, franklinite, wustite and metallic Pb. Zinc is averagely distributed in glass matrix, in which the zinc silicate is 66.28% and the zinc ferrite is 31.63%. The mineral reconstruction should be carried out before zinc recovery by ore beneficiation or beneficiation-metallurgy process. Metallic lead is in the form of metallic Pb and associated with franklinite. Metallic lead is associated with franklinite, and therefore, its recovery can be achieved by recovering franklinite using high intensity magnetic separator. In addition, aqueous water of the lead smelter slag is weak alkaline, and pH value is related with particle size. Dissolution behavior of the valuable metal is different in a strong acid or alkaline environment. Alkaline leaching may be considered as an effective method of selective extraction of lead in the slag.
Key words: lead smelter slag; lead; zinc; metal recovery; mineralogical characterization
