(西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 凝固技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，西安 710072)
摘 要: 回顧了激光快速成形技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程，評(píng)述近年來發(fā)展的幾種具有代表性的激光快速成形技術(shù)主要包括激光熔覆成形技術(shù)、激光近形技術(shù)、激光立體成形技術(shù)以及選擇性激光熔化技術(shù)的原理、技術(shù)特點(diǎn)及最新研究進(jìn)展，介紹了這幾種技術(shù)在金屬及陶瓷等高性能材料中的應(yīng)用，并指出激光快速成形技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)高致密度、高精度以及復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)金屬以及陶瓷構(gòu)件的最有力途徑，最后展望了激光快速成形技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。
關(guān)鍵字: 激光快速成形；金屬；陶瓷；復(fù)合材料；快速凝固
（State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:The development history of laser rapid forming (LRF) was reviewed, and the theory, technical characteristics and recent development of several representative LRF techniques including the laser cladding forming, laser engineered net shaping, laser solid forming and laser selective melting techniques were summarized. On the basis, the applications of the above several techniques to high-performance metal and ceramic materials were introduced. The LRF technique is the most promising method to achieve advanced metals and ceramics with near-full density, high shaping precision and complex structure. Finally, the possible development trends of LRF in future were discussed.
Key words: laser rapid forming; metals; ceramics; composites; rapid solidification
