(北京工業(yè)大學 材料科學與工程學院，北京 100124)
摘 要: 采用生命周期評價方法(Life cycle assessment, LCA)對2008年我國原鋁和再生鋁生產(chǎn)過程的能耗及溫室效應(yīng)進行分析，并與國際水平進行比較，找出存在差距的主要原因。結(jié)果表明：與2003年相比，2008年我國原鋁生產(chǎn)能耗下降約16%，溫室氣體排放下降21%，在節(jié)能減排方面取得了顯著成效。我國原鋁生產(chǎn)能耗和溫室氣體排放仍高于歐洲及世界平均水平，主要原因是我國鋁生產(chǎn)過程的能源供應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，電力供應(yīng)以火電為主。我國再生鋁生產(chǎn)能耗僅為原鋁生產(chǎn)總能耗的4.86%，溫室效應(yīng)僅為原鋁生產(chǎn)的1/24；與國外水平相比，主要差距在于運輸過程的能耗和燃料的碳排放較高。
關(guān)鍵字: 生命周期評價；原鋁；再生鋁；能耗；溫室效應(yīng)
（College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China）
Abstract:Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), a quantitative analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission caused by primary aluminum and recycled aluminum in China in 2008 was carried out. The main reason for the gap between China and international average level was found out through the comparison. The results show that, compared to the status of 2003, the energy consumption of primary aluminum production has reduced by about 16%. The greenhouse gas emission has declined by 21% and a remarkable achievement in energy saving has been made. The global warming potential (GWP) also reduce sharply. The results show that the aluminum industry has made remarkable achievement in energy saving and emission reduction. The energy consumption and GWP of primary aluminum in China are still higher than that in European and the world average, mainly due to coal-based energy structure. The energy consumption of recycled aluminum production is only 4.86% of the primary aluminum, the GWP is only 1/24 of the primary aluminum. Compared with the foreign level, the main difference in recycled aluminum is that the energy consumption is higher in transportation and high carbon emission of fuel.
Key words: life cycle assessment (LCA); primary aluminum; recycled aluminum; energy consumption; greenhouse gas
