(北京化工大學(xué) 教育部超重力工程技術(shù)研究中心，北京 100029)
摘 要: 在磁力攪拌下，采用離子液體[EMIM]Br-AlCl3作為電解液并測(cè)其電導(dǎo)率，在不銹鋼片上利用恒電流法電沉積鋁，研究在AlCl3/[EMIM]Br摩爾比為2׃1的離子液體中鋁的電沉積速率、電流效率和陰極表面形貌的影響因素。采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析沉積鋁層的表面形態(tài), 采用X射線能譜儀(EDS)測(cè)試沉積鋁的純度。結(jié)果表明：離子液體[EMIM]Br-AlCl3的電導(dǎo)率隨著溫度的上升而增大，符合Arrhenius公式。電流密度，溫度、攪拌速率和沉積時(shí)間均影響鋁的沉積速率、電流效率和表面形貌。在電流密度為20 mA/cm2，溫度為40 ℃，攪拌速率為700 r/min，時(shí)間為60 min的條件下，所得鋁沉積層連續(xù)、致密、附著性好、顆粒狀且粒徑小；電流效率維持在80%以上，陰極鋁層純度達(dá)96%，其中少量的氧來自鋁的氧化。
關(guān)鍵字: 磁力攪拌；離子液體；恒電流；沉積速率；電流效率
（Research Center of High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education,
Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China）
Abstract:In order to investigate the factors of aluminum electrodeposition rate, current efficiency and cathode surface morphology, the [EMIM]Br-AlCl3 ionic liquid was prepared and the conductivity was measured. Alum, inum electrodeposits were conducted on stainless steel from the ionic liquid with AlCl3/[EMIM]Br molar ratio of 2:1 at constant current under magnetic stirring. The quality and purity of the electrodeposition layer were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that the conductivity increases with the temperature increasing, which accords with Arrhenius behavior. Current density, temperature, stirring speed and electrodeposition time are the important factors in aluminum electrodeposition. The aluminum electrodeposits obtained on electrodes is continuous, dense, well adherent and fine particle size under the conditions of current density of 20 mA/cm2, electrodeposition time of 60 min, temperature of 40 ℃ and stirring speed of 700 r/min. The current efficiency is above 80% and the purity of the deposits achieves 96%, where the fraction oxygen is from oxide of aluminum.
Key words: magnetic stirring; ionic liquid; constant current; electrodeposition rate; current efficiency
