(1. 中南大學(xué) 能源科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；2. 東營(yíng)方圓有色金屬有限公司，東營(yíng) 257091)
摘 要: 對(duì)氧氣底吹熔煉過(guò)程氣體噴吹行為、造锍熔煉化學(xué)反應(yīng)機(jī)理及熔煉爐內(nèi)熱工作狀態(tài)進(jìn)行理論分析及水模型實(shí)驗(yàn)和取樣分析驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明，氧氣底吹氣流能使熔體形成均勻的擴(kuò)散區(qū)，實(shí)現(xiàn)熔體的攪拌，在氣體連續(xù)相區(qū)和液體連續(xù)相區(qū)，氣−液、液−液之間的相互作用強(qiáng)烈，為爐內(nèi)化學(xué)反應(yīng)及傳熱傳質(zhì)提供了良好的動(dòng)力學(xué)條件；氧氣底吹熔煉過(guò)程在零配煤的情況下能達(dá)到自熱熔煉，在節(jié)能減排方面，該工藝具有很強(qiáng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)；獲得了銅渣、冰銅和蘑菇頭中各組分的形貌，確定了銅渣、冰銅和蘑菇頭的物相組成，渣樣主要由冰銅相、磁鐵礦相、鐵橄欖石相和玻璃體相組成，熔煉內(nèi)的氧勢(shì)和硫勢(shì)分布有利于反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，能有效抑制Fe3O4的形成以及降低渣含銅。
關(guān)鍵字: 銅熔煉；氧氣底吹；熔煉機(jī)理；氧勢(shì)；硫勢(shì)；熔煉產(chǎn)物；微觀分析
（1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd., Dongying 257091, China）
Abstract:The theoretical analysis and verification by water modeling experiment, and the sampling test analysis was carried out to study the behavior of gas injection, the chemical reaction mechanism and the thermal status of matte smelting in the oxygen bottom blowing smelting process. The results show that the melt can be stirred to form a homogeneous diffusion region by the flow in oxygen bottom blowing. In the region of continuous gas or liquid phase, the intense interactions between gas and liquid or pure liquid provide a good kinetic condition for the chemical reaction and heat and mass transfer in the furnace. Without coal blending, the autogenous smelting process can be achieved in oxygen- enriched bottom blowing process which has a great advantage in the energy saving and emission reduction. The morphology of each component in the copper slag, copper matte and mushroom was identified, and the phase composition was determined. The slag samples are mainly composed of matte phase, magnetite phase, fayalite phase and vitreous phase, the distribution of oxygen potential and sulfur potential has a favorable effect on the reaction in the furnace and can effectively restrain the formation of Fe3O4 and reduce copper in the slag.
Key words: copper smelting; oxygen bottom blowing; smelting mechanism; oxygen potential; sulfur potential; smelting product; microanalysis
