(1. 江西理工大學(xué) 冶金與化學(xué)工程學(xué)院，贛州 341000；
2. 中南大學(xué) 冶金科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；3. 中國(guó)瑞林工程技術(shù)有限公司，南昌 330002)
摘 要: 基于最小吉布斯自由能原理，建立硫化鉛礦閃速熔煉過(guò)程多相平衡熱力學(xué)模型，考察熔煉溫度(T)、噸礦氧量(VOVPTO)對(duì)粗鉛含硫量、爐渣含鉛量、煙氣含鉛量及鉛在各平衡相中分配比的影響。結(jié)果表明：對(duì)一定用量和一定成分的硫化鉛礦，隨著T和VOVPTO的增大，粗鉛含硫量可降至0.1%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))以下，但過(guò)高的VOVPTO會(huì)使渣含鉛量升至60%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))以上，鉛在粗鉛中的分配比低于30%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))；煙氣中的鉛主要以PbS形式存在，其含量隨著T的升高及VOVPTO降低而增高。綜合考慮鉛的直收率及產(chǎn)物處理的難易程度，閃速爐直接煉鉛應(yīng)采取分區(qū)分步熔煉方式，先在氧化區(qū)制“低硫鉛”，然后在還原區(qū)造“低鉛渣”，且氧化區(qū)熔煉溫度宜較低。
關(guān)鍵字: 鉛閃速熔煉；最小吉布斯自由能；多相平衡；熱力學(xué)
（1. School of Metallurgical and Chemistry Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. China Nerin Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanchang 330002, China）
Abstract:Based on the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization, the thermodynamic model of the lead sulfide flash smelting multi-phase equilibrium system was built. Then, the effects of the smelting temperature (T) and the oxygen volume per ton ore (VOVPTO) on the lead distribution rate and the equilibrium compositions of crude lead, slag and gas were studied. The results show that, for the lead sulfide with a certain amount and a certain composition, the sulfur content in the crude lead can be reduced to be less than 0.1% with the rise of T and VOVPTO, but the lead content in the slag exceeds 60% and the lead distribution rate in the crude lead is less than 30% when VOVPTO is excessive. The lead volatile in the gas, mainly in the form of PbS, rises with the rise of T and the decrease of VOVPTO. Therefore, taking into account the recovery rate of lead and the processing difficulty of products, the lead flash direct smelting furnace should be divided into oxidation and reduction zones, and the low-sulfur lead is produced firstly in the oxidation zone, the low-lead slag is produced secondly in the later zone, and the oxidation smelting temperature should be low.
Key words: lead flash smelting; Gibbs free energy minimization; multi-phase equilibrium; thermodynamics
