(1. 中南大學 資源加工與生物工程學院，長沙 410083；
2. 北京有色金屬研究總院，北京 100088)
摘 要: 研究黃銅礦、黃鐵礦、方鉛礦等礦物在有/無捕收劑兩種情況下的浮選行為，考察浮選與礦漿電位的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明：當pH值分別小于4.0時，黃銅礦無捕收劑浮選的電位區(qū)間為0~0.9 V；當pH值為4.0或11.0時，礦漿電位大于0.85 V以后，黃鐵礦的浮選回收率低于20%；當pH值為11.0時，黃銅礦無捕收劑浮選的礦漿電位區(qū)間為0.35~0.85 V。當pH值為10.0、丁黃藥濃度為5×10−5 mol/L時，方鉛礦浮選的礦漿電位為0.45~0.55 V，而黃銅礦在0.45~0.80 V的電位區(qū)間具有良好的浮選性能；對閃鋅礦而言，當pH值為9.0時，礦漿電位在−0.40~0.80 V區(qū)間都不具有良好的可浮性。在浮選體系中，黃銅礦表面氧化會產(chǎn)生元素S0，當?shù)V漿電位從−0.2Ｖ增大至0.6 V，黃銅礦表面氧化產(chǎn)生的元素S的數(shù)量逐漸增大，黃銅礦的無捕收劑浮選性能越來越好。從南京和青海2個鉛鋅礦山的應(yīng)用情況來看，采用電位調(diào)控浮選技術(shù)可以大幅度縮短鉛礦石的浮選時間，減少浮選機數(shù)量。例如在南京某鉛鋅礦，由于采用電位調(diào)控浮選技術(shù)，原來2個系列每天處理900 t礦石，現(xiàn)在采用一個系列即可處理。
關(guān)鍵字: 方鉛礦；黃銅礦；黃鐵礦；浮選；電化學
（1. School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China）
Abstract:The flotation behaviors of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and sphalerite in the present or absent of collector were studied. The relationship between the floatability and the pulp potential was simulated through flotation test and electrochemical calculation. When the pulp pH value is lower than 4.0, chalcopyrite can be floated in the potential range from 0 to 0.9 V (vs SHE). When the pulp pH value is 4.0 or 11.0, the recovery rate of pyrite is lower than 20% after the potential value is higher than 0.85 V. When the pulp pH value is 11.0, the chalcopyrite can be floated in the potential range from 0.35 V to 0.85 V. When the pulp pH value is 10.0, the galena can be floated when the pulp potential is from 0.45 V to 0.55 V, and the chalcopyrite exhibits strong collector-induced floatability in the pulp potential range from 0.45 V to 0.80 V. Although the potential is adjusted from –0.4 V to 0.8 V, the sphalerite can not be floated at pH 9.0. When the range of potential is from –0.2 V to 0.6 V, the chalcopyrite surface is changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. And in the range of higher potential near 0.6 V, the amount of elemental sulfur (S0) decreases as the potential becomes higher. The recovery of chalcopyrite is in good correspondence with the amount of elemental sulfur (S0) at given pH value. The potential controlled flotation technology has made the Nanjing Lead-Zinc Mine and Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine obtain more profits because of the improvement of flotation results and the simplification of flotation separation system, and only one flotation system was used to treat the whole feed of 900 t/d.
Key words: galena; chalcopyrite; pyrite; flotation; electrochemistry
